元宇宙养老是真需求,还是伪概念?

巴比特Publicado em 2022-04-21Última atualização em 2022-04-21

Resumo

“元宇宙”与“老龄化”好似时间轴的两端

据2021年第七次人口普查数据显示我国60岁及以上人口有2.6亿人,在整体人口中的比重达到18.70%;预计到2035年,我国65岁以上人口将超过20%。老龄化程度逐年加深,未来如何养老成为了社会亟待解决的一个难题。
而2021年,也被大众称为“元宇宙元年”,这个科技时代孕育出的新概念好像与老龄化相反,在时间轴的另一端。
那么新生的“元宇宙”是否能缓解日渐加深的“老龄化”带来的社会问题呢?
老年人是否有“老思想”?元宇宙能否走进老年人生活?
根据中国互联网络信息中心(CNNIC)发布的第49次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》显示,截至2021年12月,我国60岁及以上老年网民规模达1.19亿,互联网普及率达43.2%。能独立完成出示健康码/行程卡、购买生活用品和查找信息等网络活动的老年网民比例已分别达69.7%、52.1%和46.2%。可见该年龄层的老年人对互联网以及智能设备的使用以及接受程度较高,这也使该群体对元宇宙智能设备有一定的接受基础。
元宇宙的一大特性就是高沉浸感,因此VR等硬件在5G的加持下的远程医疗技术将会是就医难的一大解决方案,同时VR带来的虚拟现实感受也会为老年人的心理健康提供帮助。
重要的身体健康,远程医疗来解决
老龄化社会需要解决的一个重要问题就是医疗,然而根据《2020年国际统计年鉴》(后简称《年鉴》)看出,中国医疗资源呈现发达地区充足,偏远地区匮乏的特点。

医疗资源分布不均。偏远地区的老年人一旦生重病,就不得不千里迢迢去大城市看病。然而,即便是大城市,也常常会出现“一床难求”的现象,据《年鉴》数据,北上广深每千人医院床位数依次排在23、25、28和34位,可见床位数相较于人口并不充足,但是中西部、东北地区的省会城市床位却有所空余。

因此,元宇宙赋能的远程医疗可以使老年人不出省,在充足的床位条件下享受高水平的医疗服务。
5G作为元宇宙世界的高速跑道,使远程医疗成为现实。2021年八月,浙江大学医学院附属第二医院神经外科主任医师刘凤强,使用“睿米”立体定向神经外科机器人,依托5G远程指挥中心,远程操控位于近200公里外的丽水市松阳分院手术室里的“从操作手”,为患者实施国内首例5G远程神经外科机器人辅助脑内血肿清手术。


5G+VR远程医疗探视则可以使患者家属和医护人员随时,360度对一些重症病房进行远程探视及监护。既满足ICU病房的无菌要求,也满足了亲属对患病家人的挂念,还可以进一步让医护人员对患者进行全方位监控。
脑机是将设备直接接入大脑,其接口在反应速度、触觉、味觉反馈上都远远优于头戴式设备,因此可以说是高阶版的元宇宙硬件。帕金森、重度瘫痪的病人,能够在脑机接口的协助下实现正常人的一些操作,如肢体的运动与自我进食。
重要的心理健康,元宇宙硬件助力维护
随着第一批独生子女的父母年龄迈进70大关,孤独老人数量日益增多,很多老人虽然有着健康的身体,但是由于孤独带来的焦虑症、失眠症患者不在少数,也有些老人由于疾病原因,常年卧床不起,对待生活充满绝望。因此老年人心理健康就成为老龄化社会的另一大问题。
然而传统的认知行为疗法和暴露疗法等是多种精神障碍疾病的主要治疗方式,但需要患者自行想象各种场景,老年人受到主观能动性的影响,治疗效果因人而异。
如果借助VR眼镜,患者就能方便地进入医生设定的虚拟场景中,在沉浸感中努力克服自身心理障碍。因此若用VR眼镜对老年人进行心理干预,即可很大程度的消除老年人对精神疾病治疗的抗拒感,增加心理疾病的治愈率。
对于瘫痪及行动不便的老人,若利用VR技术,足不出户就可以看风景、看电影、亲自互动等等。
现如今许多养老机构逐步向VR+养老院过渡,在养老公寓中,增设VR体验展馆,包括老人虚拟健身课堂:参加虚拟健身课程并协助老年人制定个人虚拟健身方案、VR老年大学(VR在线培训课程)。除此之外,还可以在其中添加还原年轻样貌的体验活动,缓解他们的心理负担。
元宇宙养老是否能实现?
从2021年元宇宙元年开始,国内外的科技企业都相继发力,希望成为元宇宙的先行者。而元宇宙养老最终能否落地,硬件设备起着决定性的作用。
华为、小米、OPPO、vivo作为国产手机四大制造商已经打响了“元宇宙”时代的VR\AR设备王者争夺战役。
据不完全统计,2022年,华为、小米、OPPO、vivo四家手机厂商就公布了13项与VR/AR有关的专利,涉及VR/AR基础技术、外观设计、光学显示等多个领域。 
现在老年人手机的普及率较高,一旦国产手机制造商推出与手机联动的元宇宙硬件设备,老年人不会存在上手困难的情况。
同时,与养老医疗相关的元宇宙产品也相继走入人们的视线,比如零点蚂蚁旗下的sleepmanVR虚拟现实睡眠系统,中国电信推出的“天翼看家”,壹零后推出的智慧养老系统等,都在加速元宇宙养老的落地。
元宇宙硬件的快速发展少不了资本的融入,据统计,仅今年第一季度,全球获投融资的VR/AR企业就已经超43笔,融资总金额达到82亿元,相比2021年第一季度的融资总金额42亿元,增长51%!其中国内VR/AR企业融资发生的最多,达到15笔。这也就为元宇宙硬件的发展提供了良好的经济支撑。

政策方面,就在前几天广州黄埔区、广州开发区举行新闻发布会发布《促进元宇宙创新发展办法》,也被简称为“元宇宙10条”。因此粤港澳大湾区成为首个拥有元宇宙专项扶持政策的地区。
结语
“元宇宙”与“老龄化”好似时间轴的两端,有着“新生”与“老去”的轮回,老龄化问题是时代发展的产物,元宇宙同时也是科技时代催生出的新的生活方式。空巢老人、就医难、孤独老人等老龄化问题,在元宇宙的加持下将会有新的解决方法。但是,元宇宙现仍处于入门阶段,虽有着资本的融入和政策的利好,但也仅是元宇宙元素单体的发展,将来要想实现元宇宙养老,那么入口终端和配套体系则缺一不可。

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