硅谷王川:长期主义的实践为什么这么难?

PanewsPublicado em 2023-07-10Última atualização em 2023-07-10

Resumo

长期主义的坚持,需要自身有足够资源可以耐得住表面的波动。

作者:investguru
我的投资俱乐部成立到现在已经八年多了。前几天和一位朋友聊,提起 2016年俱乐部的群友在 A 市的第一次聚会,现场大约二十多人,七年之后,只有他一个人还在群内。同期在 B 市的群友聚会,现场十个人里面,七年后还有六位仍在群内。A 市聚会是在一位群友自家开的滇菜餐馆里举行的,环境优雅,热闹非凡。大家吃的开心,发言踊跃。B 市聚会地点房间小很多,气氛明显更沉闷。但七年之后两地群友去留的差别如此之大,完全没有想到,让人感慨万千。
我在俱乐部内部的研讨中,较早推荐了一些投资标的,因为深入研究,自己做到知行合一,长期持有后获得了不错的回报。这里最戏剧性的是特斯拉,从 2015年大家开始讨论,正反两方面吵得极为厉害,少数人甚至参与做空。也有一些人受不了翻来覆去的枯燥的争论而退群。到 2019年夏天的时候,特斯拉的股价比 2015年最高点下跌超过 30%。争论四年之后,反方看似是正确的。然后就是突然两年二十多倍的暴涨,一切就都是历史了。可以参见笔者的老文章。
为什么长期主义的实践这么困难?为什么 A 市和 B 市两地的群友会有这么大的差别? 反复推敲后,我的结论是:
关键在于资源的贫乏。
长期主义的坚持,需要自身有足够资源可以耐得住表面的波动。如果一个事情,坚持四年,尽管从第一性原理上各个维度都有肉眼可见的大幅度进展,但在账面上还有浮亏,还有主流媒体的各种负面的鼓噪,即使内心认可,也无法承受老板/客户/家人的压力而继续坚守。
B 市的群友大多是私营企业家,底子厚,没有迅速发财的压力,也不需要马上依靠投资挣生活费;不给别人管理资产,因此没有短期业绩的压力,坚守七八年毫无问题。
而 A 市很多群友,要么还在创业早期,要么还在职场打拼,短期出业绩的压力非常大,时刻都在寻找马上能见效的新机会。
即使碰到好的长期机会,要么卖得过早收益有限;要么遇到熊市,即使内心认可,奈何业绩压力,只能割肉放弃。
更何况,很多人其实对事物的钻研不够深入,媒体上稍微有些负面消息,外面稍微有些包装精美的诱惑,自己就守不住了。
一个人或者团体的演化阻力最小的方向,是他可能获得最大正反馈的方向,这取决于他和外界连接的网络特征,和这些网络连接给他的选择权。
资源的贫乏,本质意味着选择权的贫乏。选择权诚实的决定了阻力最小的演化方向,这比任何信誓旦旦的赌咒发誓都更准确。
这里有个细思极恐的怪圈:
因为资源贫乏,所以屡屡落入各种许诺不劳而获而暴富的骗局 ;
因为资源贫乏,即使撞上了好机会,稍微赚了点小钱就套现离场,不能耐心等待小树苗慢慢长成参天大树 ;
还是因为资源贫乏,整天听到看到的,被输入的,是各种噪音和似是而非的有害信息。
当看到某个朋友若干年后还是用同样的方式,费力低效的做事,没有什么本质的进步,甚至因为年龄原因实质上还有些退化,而且说了也不愿意真正改进的的时候,人会产生一种本能的生理痛感,然后只能一声叹息。
没有人一开始就是资源丰富的。资源贫乏者如何能够实现长期的跃迁?这里强烈推荐一下 Dan Sullivan 和 Benjamin Hardy 的一本新书:“十倍比两倍更容易” ( 10x is easier than 2x ). 把这本书的核心精神总结一下:
很多人因为一种不假思索的本能,以为财富的增长就是对现在做的事情上加倍努力,这是 2x (两倍数) 的思维。
10x (十倍数) 的增长,长期看,实际上比两倍更容易。因为,你一旦以 10x 的视野来要求自己,就会主动强迫自己过滤,放弃,拒绝掉各种长期增长潜力有限的机会 (甚至是骗局),你会让自己高度聚焦,只做哪种有潜力让自己十倍增长的事情。这个过滤方式,对人也适用。这种放弃,和自己的日常习惯一开始是冲突的,很多人不愿意割舍,抵触情绪严重。因此必须冷静坐下来认真推演,从思想上彻底理解,“果断放弃”低价值行为或机会,对于长期 10x 的必要性。
因为你果断拒绝了很多低价值机会,反而时间更多了。更多的时间让你可以聚焦深入的研究,提高自己在底层用第一性原理识别和捕捉高价值机会的能力。
因为你在架构设计上就强迫自己不断积累各种新的微小的优势,迟早会有一天你会获得突破,实现 10x 的梦想。
回到第一步,重新审视自己的日常工作学习,再重新过滤放弃旧的低价值习惯,开始下一个 10x 的篇章。
如果做一个思想实验,你要把自己的净资产三十年增加一千倍。听上去目标很宏大,很难达到,你的第一个直觉反应是:根本不可能!但把它拆解一下,就是每十年增加十倍。(以下计算为简化的目的,不考虑税收因素). 再分解一下,就是每五年 3.2 倍。
如何做到五年 3.2 倍?
按照简单的倒推,这需要每年 26%左右的回报。但事物的发展从不是一直向前,没有波折的。实际情况是,市场常常不断在牛熊之间像个神经病一样的大幅波动。为了捕捉到大幅的回报,五年里面大部分时间需要等待,积累信息和资源,等到机会来了,在大家都恐慌和缺乏资源的时候,(在全面分析基本面的各种定性定量因素后) 觉得某个投资五年内大概率有远超 3.2 倍的回报,才出手。
理解这个逻辑框架后,就必须谢绝大部分市场上的噪音和诱惑。对绝大部分事情都说不。对外界各种试图空手套白狼的邀约和闲扯,没有确定性的短线交易,不了解的东西,调研成本太高的东西,潜在回报不能远大于下行风险的东西,没有进入一种持续自我强化的垄断性状态的东西,等等,说不。五年至少 3.2 倍成为一条简单粗暴的红线。不去碰红线以外的东西,成为一种自觉的自律。
“说不”之后豁然开朗。这意味着你相比之前有大把的闲暇时间,可以深入的,按照自己的节奏调研。然后持续发掘出新的,别人无法真正理解和彻底实践的机会。这样当外人以为你只是运气.幸存者偏差和事后诸葛亮时,你只是笑一下,不去解释。
进一步推导,为了未来三十年还能一直享受你的劳动果实,必须以一种严谨的态度,投入大量时间和资源,保持身体的健康和自由。否则,到了七老八十,老年痴呆,体态佝偻,骨质疏松,大小便失禁,各种疼痛,心血管疾病,等等,纵有家财万贯也是枉然。
于是,你就会有时间和兴趣努力实践太极,站桩,瑜伽,跑步,游泳,间歇性断食,并持续关注其它前沿的抗衰老技术的最新发展。这又会给你更多年的时间,在意想不到的,不断涌现的新的维度上获得十倍以上的成长。
科幻小说家 Frank Herbert 有名言: "追求自由,你就会成为欲望的奴隶 ; 追求自律,你就会找到(真正的)解放" (Seek freedom and become captive of your desires. Seek discipline and find your liberty.)。对低价值事物的持续严格舍弃的自律,正是通往高价值成长的长期主义的解放之路。

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