美国4月非农新增就业25.3万人 远超市场预期18.5万 失业率降至3.4%

华尔街见闻Publicado em 2023-05-05Última atualização em 2023-05-05

Resumo

市场对于美联储6月不加息的概率下降到了90.9%,而对于6月加息的预期上升到了9.1%,降息25个基点的概率为0%。

美国4月非农超预期上行,表明就业市场尚未降温,市场降息预期减退。

异常火热的就业报告打消了市场对于美联储即将很快降息的预期,对于6月再次加息的预期开始上升。

4月非农就业再次超预期上行,失业率再创新低,前两月数据被下修

5月5日,美国劳工部数据显示,美国4月非农新增就业25.3万人,高于预期18.5万人,创下连续第12个月超出预期的纪录。

2、3月非农就业数据被下修,2月数据从32.6万人下修至24.8万人,3月数据从23.6万人下修至16.5万人,修订后2、3月份总和较修订前低14.9万人。

4月失业率为3.4%,低于前值3.5%和预期3.6%,再次触及今年1月创下的53年新低。

4月份工资增长继续加速。美国非农雇员平均时薪上升16美分,环比增长0.5%至33.36美元,同比增长4.4%,高于预期值4.2%。

降息预期消退 加息预期再起

此前经济学家普遍预期劳动市场将放缓,美国经济将降温,并为今年下半年美联储暂停加息乃至降息定价。

在非农数据之前,美国几份就业报告“喜忧参半”:上周首次申请人数增加了1.3万人,达到了24.2万人;“小非农”ADP新增就业29.6万,较3月份的14.2万翻倍;3月JOLTS职位空缺继续下降,为连续第三个月下跌,创下2021年5月以来最低。

然而,数据公布后,美国短期利率期货下跌,交易员降低美联储降息预期。

芝商所美联储观察工具显示,市场对于美联储6月不加息的概率小幅下降到了90.9%,而对于6月加息的预期上升到了9.1%,降息25个基点的概率为0%;到7月维持利率在当前水平的概率为59.5%,累计降息25个基点的概率为38.1%。

美股期货短线走低,纳斯达克100指数期货涨幅收窄至0.3%;美元指数短线拉升逾30点,现报101.74。

10年期美国国债收益率上升9.60个基点,报3.448%;两年期美国国债收益率上升18.9个基点,报3.916%;30年期美国国债收益率上升6.4个基点,报3.786%。

美股股指期货短线走低,涨幅收窄,道指期货涨0.5%,纳指期货、标普500指数0.4%。

现货黄金短线急挫近30美元,跌破2010美元/盎司。

市场分析认为,这无疑是一份鹰派的非农报告,“让美联储陷入了真正的困境”:

美联储希望暂停加息,甚至可能很快就需要降息,但就业市场并不配合。现在,就业无疑是一个滞后指标,但3.4%的失业率异常紧张,这是非农就业人数连续第12个月超过市场预期。

现在股市的形势似乎发生了变化。几个月前,由于担心美联储进一步收紧政策,强于预期的就业报告可能会导致股市下跌。

但现在,强于预期的就业报告反而会让人们放心,因为这表明,在银行业动荡的压力下,经济实际上表现良好。不过,信贷形势所反映出来的情况还处于早期阶段。

服务业复苏

4月份,美国服务业就业人数持续上升,医疗、金融、政府和采矿业的就业人数也有增长,建筑业、制造业、批发贸易等变化不明显。

不过值得注意的是,临时工减少了23000个工作岗位。这一类别有时被当作劳动力市场走向的领先指标,因为雇主往往会先裁掉临时员工,然后再进行更大规模的裁员。

专业和商业领域的新增就业4.3万人,高于6个月平均值2.5万人。

科学和技术服务业新增就业4.5万人。

临时就业人数在本月继续减少2.3万人,自2022年3月的峰值以来减少了17.4万人。

医疗保健行业新增就业4万人,低于六个月平均值4.7万人,其中流动医疗服务新增2.4万人,护理和住宿护理机构新增9000人,医院新增7000人。

休闲和酒店业新增3.1万人,低于6个月平均值7.3万人;其中食品服务和饮酒场所新增就业2.5万人。该行业的就业人数仍比2020年2月大流行前的水平低40.2万人,即2.4%。

金融行业新增就业2.3万人,保险公司和及相关行业的就业人数增加了1.5万人,房地产行业的就业人数增加了9000人。

政府部门新增就业2.3万人,低于6个月平均值5.2万人。总体而言,政府部门的就业人数比2020年2月的水平低30.1万人,即1.3%。

采矿、采石、石油和天然气开采行业的就业增加了6000人,自2021年2月的近期低点以来,已经增加了10.2万人。

其他主要行业,包括建筑业、制造业、批发贸易、零售业、运输和仓储、信息和其他服务业的就业情况在本月几乎没有变化。

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