一文解读3月3日加密市场大跌消息背景

重本聪聪Publicado em 2023-03-03Última atualização em 2023-03-10

Resumo

Silvergate真的会存在暴雷问题么?

3月3日早间9时左右,比特币出现快速下跌,15分钟内跌幅超5%,市场整体同步下行。据火必行情,BTC最低报21970美元,ETH最低报1529美元。

其中有三条消息大家需要重点关注:加密友好银行Silvergate出现经营危机股价大跌;FTX确认有89亿美元的客户资金已丢失;美SEC主席起草新规则,加密交易平台的资金托管需要得到监管。

3月2日晚间,美股上市公司、加密友好银行Silvergate宣布亏损可能会使运营资金不足,其正在评估自身持续经营的能力。Silvergate股价随即暴跌,当日跌幅超57%,较历史最高价下跌超95%。

Silvergate Bank成立于1988年。2014年1月,Silvergate成为第一批愿意为加密货币交易开设账户的银行之一。据悉,该银行已经服务了750个加密货币交易平台。2022年三季度,Silvergate的实时支付系统Silvergate Exchange Network存有120亿美元的存款,其中包括所有主要的加密货币交易所和1000多个机构投资者。

在Silvergate股价下跌后,加密市场相关机构纷纷表态撇清关系,目前为止表态的公司如下。

Coinbase、Galaxy Digital、Crypto.com、Bitstamp、Gemini、Circle宣布停止合作;

MicroStrategy、Tether、Paxos表示没有资金往来;

摩根大通和Canaccord下调Silvergate股票评级。

但Silvergate真的会存在暴雷问题么?

Silvergate是正规的美股上市公司,会定期公开财务报表。而且它是一家银行,加密资产相关的主要是建立法币和加密货币的支付通道,以及存款。与三箭资本或FTX相比,Silvergate的透明度要高的多,而且业务清晰。即使暴雷,也不会产生纯加密机构暴雷那么大的影响。目前主要的问题是加密机构在其中的存款会不会受到影响。但从经验判断,交易所和加密机构会把大笔资金放在银行么?

另外一个关于FTX的消息则并未得到市场重视,但从下跌时点上看则非常吻合。

北京时间3月3日早上9点15分,华尔街日报发布消息称,FTX存在89亿美元财务赤字,这是FTX首次明确自己的资金状况。FTX实际公布自己财务情况的时间则是3月3日凌晨2点40分,当时市场并未反应,直到早间媒体报道,并扩散到华语市场后,才出现大跌。

这里有个标题党的文字问题,华尔街日报的标题使用的是“FTX丢失89亿美元”,而实际上是FTX财务的缺口有什么这么多,而且是大部分钱被Alameda Research LLC借走了。如果真是被盗丢了89亿美元,那问题确实非常严重。

即使这样,FTX糟糕的财务状况也引发了市场担忧。

最后一个消息来自监管压力。

3月3日,美国SEC主席Gary Gensler在SEC官网发文表示,其人已加入投资者咨询委员会。该委员会近期提交了一项新的投资顾问保护规则。该规则根据国会2010年的规定,将托管规则扩大到涵盖投资者的所有资产,而不仅仅是他们的资金或证券。拟议规则还将要求顾问和托管方之间达成书面协议,增加对外国机构担任托管方的要求,并将保障规则明确扩展至全权委托交易。

Gary Gensler在文章中强调,根据加密货币交易和借贷平台的一般运作方式,加密交易平台今后将不再能依托投资顾问的角色而成为合格托管方。要成为新规则下的合格托管人,平台需要确保所有资产都得到妥善隔离,接受公共会计师的年度审计,并采取其他透明度措施。

意思就是加密交易平台如果存放客户资产则必须增加透明度,接受监管,否则加密资产不能存放在交易平台上。虽然法规还正在起草,到具体执行还有很长时间,但这是一种监管收紧的态度,在熊市下对交易平台非常不利。

重本聪认为,以上三条消息共同作用,最终导致了今日市场下跌。

后续的关注点,FTX的资金缺口已成定局,市场预期已经在价格上反应过了,今日只是一时恐慌罢了。Silvergate则需要重点关注,到底有没有雷,有多大的资金量受到影响,如果小概率出现意外,影响金额较大,可能会再次引发机构暴雷,打开更深的下跌空间。SEC监管影响的只是长期走势,靴子落地还早。

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