加密行业下颗雷?Silvergate亏到发不出年报,美国监管机构很担忧

智通财经Publicado em 2023-03-03Última atualização em 2023-03-03

Resumo

Silvergate Capital周三表示,它需要更多时间来评估去年加密货币崩盘对其财务造成的损害程度,包括它是否能够继续生存。这引起了美国监管机构的严肃审视。

Silvergate Capital(SI.US)周三表示,它需要更多时间来评估去年加密货币崩盘对其财务造成的损害程度,包括它是否能够继续生存。这引起了美国监管机构的严肃审视。截至发稿,该股盘前跌超30%。

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Silvergate面临资本不足困境,遭监管机构调查

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Silvergate表示,将不得不推迟提交2022财年的年度10-K报告,并且还需要两周以上的时间才能完成。这家对加密货币友好的银行的股价周四盘前暴跌33%。

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该公司文件称:“公司目前正在分析有关公司的某些监管和其他未决询问和调查。”Silvergate的会计师事务所及其独立审计师也要求提供更多信息。在“前瞻性陈述”部分,Silvergate还暗示监管审查。

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Silvergate在文件中写道:“存在或将有重要因素可能导致公司的实际结果与这些前瞻性陈述中指出的结果存在重大差异,包括但不限于......对公司业务的限制,导致针对或与公司有关的各种诉讼(包括私人诉讼)以及监管和其他质询和调查、银行业监管机构的调查、国会质询和美国司法部的调查。”Silvergate补充说,这些事件的影响可能会影响公司“持续经营”的能力。

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该公司仍在计算快速出售资产以偿还联邦住房贷款银行系统(Federal Home Loan Bank System)的预付款。其可能还需要减记一些剩余资产的价值。根据 Silvergate 之前公布的第四季财报,为因应加密货币市场的震荡和用户大额提款,Silvergate 出售了 52 亿美元的债券以换取现金流,进而导致 Q4 证券及相关衍生品的出售亏损 7.18 亿美元。该公司此前已公布第四季度亏损10亿美元,称这一数字可能还会攀升。

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Silvergate在一份监管文件中写道,这可能导致“资本不足,公司正在评估这些后续事件对其持续经营能力的影响。”一家拥有联邦保险存款和超过110亿美元资产的银行承认资本不足的事实,将加剧美国立法者和监管机构关于银行是否能够管理与数字资产相关风险的辩论。几个月来,美国当局一直在竞相切断银行与高风险加密企业之间的联系,担心金融体系有朝一日可能遭受严重损失。

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此前一段时间,Silvergate以一种看似新颖的经营方式让股东们兴奋不已:从加密风险企业吸收现金存款,投资于更保守的证券。但去年11月,当Sam Bankman-Fried的FTX帝国倒闭时,该银行的客户集体撤资以抵御风暴,迫使该行亏本抛售所持资产。

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哥伦比亚大学里奇曼商业、法律和公共政策中心高级研究员Todd Baker称:“这证实了许多监管机构的担忧。如果这家银行倒闭了,它将被当作一个例子,以说明为什么银行在与加密公司打交道时应该极其保守。”

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Baker表示,即使这种情况没有发生,Silvergate的阵痛也会让监管机构更加谨慎。

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监管机构狙击加密活动

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事实上,美国监管机构的打击行动已经开始。1月初,美国三大金融监管机构——美联储、美国货币监理署和联邦存款保险公司——向银行发出了明确警告,称不应让无法控制的加密相关风险影响银行系统。

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1月晚些时候,美联储又发表了一份政策声明,拒绝了加密货币公司Custodia Bank Inc.获得美联储支付系统使用权的请求。上个月,媒体报道称,全球最大的加密货币交易所币安正在考虑是否在更严格的监管制度下结束与美国合作伙伴的关系。与此同时,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)瞄准了稳定币发行人和所谓的质押(staking),即通过持有代币产生收益的做法。

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Silvergate更深地卷入了美国的政策辩论。1月初,该公司披露,在出售数十亿美元资产支付储户取款之后,它正在稳定自己的资产负债表。截至去年年底,该公司持有43亿美元的联邦住房贷款银行短期垫款,这一项目最初是美国总统胡佛为支持抵押贷款而设立的。

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该银行周三称,为了偿还这些预付款,它在1月和2月出售了更多证券,这可能会加剧其损失。旧金山联邦住房贷款银行周三在一份声明中表示:“所有预付款在未偿还时都得到了全额抵押。”

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Silvergate困境余波未完

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Silvergate股价去年暴跌超过88%,首先是因为加密货币价格下跌,后来是FTX崩盘。从那时起,该公司股价就像坐过山车一样,一度在一天内波动超过50%,因为投资者难以衡量该公司的复苏前景。

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1月中旬,随着该公司概述了继续前进的步骤,股价上涨。但在月底,一个由美国两党参议员组成的小组指责Silvergate在与FTX和Sam Bankman-Fried旗下投资部门Alameda Research的关系上“闪烁其词”。几天后,媒体爆出消息称,美国司法部的欺诈部门正在调查该银行与FTX和Alameda的交易。

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近期根据MarketWatch的资料显示,Silvergate仍被持续放空,空头指标SI(short-Interest) 维持在高点 71.30%,表示有七成的股票被借券拿去放空。

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周三,Silvergate列出了可能最终影响财务业绩的因素,包括司法部的调查和监管审查的加强。它在加密市场的影响,以及更广泛的监管打击,也可能使寻找接盘人的努力复杂化。

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反过来,该银行的问题可能会对加密货币产生影响。数字资产管理公司Wave Financial去中心化金融主管Henry Elder表示,比特币目前的困境将使其他银行更不愿意与加密风险企业合作,从而对该行业产生寒意。Financial称:“他们是加密银行。在情况变得更加明朗之前,你肯定不会看到任何人成为加密银行。”

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