为什么每个人都对 Web3 如此困惑

去中心化金融社区Publicado em 2022-03-30Última atualização em 2022-03-30

Resumo

在过去的6个月里,各种各样的媒体都在努力为“Web3是什么”这个问题提供答案。

在过去的6个月里,各种各样的媒体都在努力为“Web3是什么”这个问题提供答案。

与此同时,“Web3”受到了强烈的质疑,这些声音主要来自对加密货币整体持根本怀疑态度的人。

有些人对加密货币持乐观态度,但对“Web3”的定位方式持怀疑态度,我想从他们的角度给出一些看法。

2014

正如许多“什么是Web3”的解释者指出的那样,以太坊联合创始人GavinWood在2014年首次在加密环境中创造了这个术语。

GavinWood的愿景可以归结为通过去中心化技术将大部分数据托管在网络上。因此,静态文件不是托管在由谷歌等企业巨头运营的服务器上,而是通过一个不受审查的合作节点网络进行分发。为了管理可变状态,可以使用分布式交易共识引擎(如以太坊)。在这个重建互联网的愿景中,每一个“点赞”、每一条“推文”、每一个“分享”,大概都需要通过一个重量级的共识引擎(区块链),以避免去信任那些公司来管理我们宝贵的数据。

对于今天经常与区块链互动的人,或者从工程角度熟悉它们如何工作的人来说,这可能已经听起来比较轻率,但值得赞扬的是,最初的博客文章至少包含了一些接近实际技术方案的内容-这比以后的迭代更能说明问题。Wood列出了实现他的完全去中心化网络愿景所需的技术栈的4个主要必要组件:

静态内容发布:Wood描述了一种听起来像是Filecoin和IPFS的方案,这是一种加密本地文件托管服务,用于许多基于以太坊的NFT。在Wood的设想中,所有的静态内容都将由这样的系统承载。

动态消息:Wood描述了一个加密的点对点消息传递系统。可以说,这一需求已经被Telegram这样的服务所满足(尽管在Wood看来,这将是一个更低级的、互联网范围内的服务)。

无需可信的交易:这将是更新所有可变状态的引擎(我们以快速、高效、可扩展的方式存储的东西,但显然对Wood而言,老式技术,如关系数据库、键值存储或任何其他存在的各种数据存储)。由于此时Wood仍然是以太坊的一部分,以太坊被认为是这篇文章的“第一个可行的”示例解决方案。

集成的用户界面:这将是一种新型的浏览器,它将知道如何与前面的层通信。可以说,我们已经看到这部分内容是通过像Metamask这样的浏览器扩展实现的。

在这篇博客文章之后,“Web3”从工程的角度来说意味着一些具体的东西,事情从这里开始走下坡路。

2015-2019

“Web3”模因依然存在,尽管局限于相对小众的加密圈子。一个流行的以太坊JavaScript库(web3.js)在2015年2月24日发布了第一个0.0.15版本。

在此期间,“Web3.0”一词曾一度被广泛用于指代如今已被遗忘的“语义网”概念,其炒作周期已经结束。

到2017年,Wood已经从以太坊转向Polkadot。2017年,他创立了“Web3基金会”,该基金会被用作一种工具,无良地预售1.5亿美元的DOT代币。之后,Wood发布了一个更新的“Web3”技术堆栈的技术愿景,其显然需要一个“0层”的基础技术,而Polkadot将会提供。

2018-2019年见证了深度熊市“加密寒冬”。以加密为中心的“Web3”概念仍然没有吸引到主流媒体。

2019-2022

在美国,反对“大型科技公司”的情绪达到了白热化的程度。

2020年6月,主要科技公司的负责人将被带到国会,接受电视直播的告别仪式。10月6日,众议院反垄断委员会发布了一份重要报告,呼吁对大型科技公司实施严厉的新监管。

。2021年10月13日,知名风投公司安德森•霍洛维茨(AndreesenHorowitz)在《如何赢得未来:第三代互联网议程》(HowtoWintheFuture:AnAgendaforthe3rdGenerationofInternet)一书中说到,“Web3”是其组织主题的突出特点。他们对Web3的定义:“一组包含区块链、加密协议、数字资产、去中心化金融和社交平台、NFT和DAO的技术”。因此,Web3的这个新迭代被明确地定义为一个包揽一切的大杂烩。我们已经脱离了技术愿景或路线图的领域,进入了有影响力的领域。

a16z的报告充分利用了时代精神,使精神导向支持加密友好型监管,以此作为解决所有问题的办法。

“Web2.0改变了我们的经济和社会互动方式,给社会带来了利益。与此同时,很少有人会质疑Web2.0——社交媒体和今天的大型技术平台。无论是公共部门还是私营部门,都还没有找到解决隐私侵犯、虚假信息、垄断行为和算法偏见等问题的办法,这些问题已成为互联网的主要特征。”

该报告的发布代表了上面“Web3”模因增长图表中的向上膝盖。仅在a16z的合作伙伴ChrisDixon的Twitter账户上,我们就从过去6年里没有web3推文,到每周有好几条web3推文就可以看出。

个人观点

GavinWood版本的Web3理念从一开始就不可行,只不过是一个工程理念的模糊草图。

实际上,很少有应用程序值得使用去中心化的共识引擎来管理它们的状态。但试图在区块链上重建像Facebook、亚马逊、谷歌和Twitter这样的Web2平台服务,让我们免于“去平台化”和中心化的罪恶,这是完全没有意义的,即使区块链L2提高了它们的扩展能力。这类似于给地球上的每一架飞机配备与空军一号(AirForce1)相同的超重型弹道装甲,迫使乘客承担不必要的重量带来的相关成本。

此外,像社交媒体平台这样的开源、自托管替代品已经存在。这种东西多的是。我们已经可以通过我们自己的服务器分享我们的想法,加密技术根本不是从那些糟糕的中心化互联网广告和电子商务公司手中夺回“个人数据控制权”的正确工具。

基于这一营销活动的虚伪程度,新一代的加密迷可能会得出结论:加密实际上根本没有价值。但我认为这是错误的。我的信念是,加密正在帮助拓展我们对金钱的看法,并帮助探索数字资产和数字金融工具的设计空间。从根本上说,加密API专注于移动数字资产;在过去的十多年里,加密货币唯一可以说“产品与市场契合”的是在金融和货币领域。因此,尽管试图预测加密技术最终能走多远的极限是疯狂的(就像试图预测80年代早期互联网革命的最终极限),但很明显,如果加密技术是一种革命性的东西,这场革命应该在金融领域开始(注意“金融领域”应该被广泛地解释,包括金融化/代币化的数字收藏品或非金融化、社交代币等)。只有实现了这个目标,我们才有理由开始讨论重新构建目前由“中心化”Web2服务得非常好的服务。

这是我对Web3的最新版本的主要问题:鼓励人们把怪异和无效的重点放在重建Web2上,而不是使用加密货币的力量来打破金融中介机构的束缚。

Web3最初的GavinWood愿景已经实现了一些零碎的东西,但作为一个宏大的最终状态,它背后的工程物质数量与一团烟雾一样多(在实践中主要用于推广以太坊和波卡)。

“Web3”是一个很好的术语,用来描述使用基于浏览器的钱包软件登录到基于web的DeFiUI的新兴体验,该UI连接到基于智能合约的去中心化应用程序。这有点像GavinWood的设想,但现在还在合理、适当的范围内。

“Web3”把重点放在建设和创新上,而不仅仅是交易和持有。它将加密技术定位为互联网发展的一个新阶段。我喜欢加密友好型监管的事业可能因此而得到推进。它给了新一代用户一个对这个领域感到兴奋的理由。

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