DeFi普及:如何扫清主流采用的障碍

PanewsPublished on 2022-05-24Last updated on 2022-05-24

Abstract

zkLend 联合创始人Brian Fu认为,如果DeFi解决不了生态系统面临的一些根本困境,仅以目前的形式,它将难以实现大规模普及。

zkLend 联合创始人Brian Fu认为,如果DeFi解决不了生态系统面临的一些根本困境,仅以目前的形式,它将难以实现大规模普及。

大家对DeFi的核心使命——增进金融包容性,为没有银行账户的人提供银行服务应该已耳熟能详。要推动DeFi大规模普及,必须将被排除在现有金融系统之外的人群纳入考量。但同时,我们也不能舍弃安于和受益于现状的人群,即主流的大众市场用户,他们没有动力去马上学习一套复杂的新协议以及背后的创新技术。要想加快DeFi的大规模普及,我们必须说服并吸纳这个群体。

Consensys数据显示,截至2021年12月,所有DeFi协议的总市值为1490亿美元,尚不及全球银行市值的1%。我们目睹了许多企业将资金转向该领域,也见证DeFi达成了众多里程碑。尽管如此,DeFi距离可供普通人轻松使用仍有漫长的路要走。群众的技术能力和金融知识水平有高有低,理解DeFi的底层技术所需的时间和财务资本是一大障碍。因此,我们需要回答一个基本问题:DeFi对他们有什么好处?

作为一个新兴行业,我们需要更好地塑造和讲述DeFi的故事。同时,我们也需要着力解决各种备受关注的问题,包括机构采用带来的影响,缺乏无缝用户体验,以及当前的监管制度对DeFi生态系统发展的限制等。

DeFi与TradFi(传统金融)合作

聚焦大众市场渗透问题时,我们要首先认识到机构在加快散户应用方面的价值。机构带来了可观的资金量,Chainalysis报告显示,60%的DeFi交易源自“大型机构”(1000万美元以上的交易)。更重要的是,当传统金融巨头开始积极地进入加密行业,这也能反映出他们对该行业的信心——不再是保守和质疑。

近期的大动作包括金融服务巨头富达(Fidelity)的公告,他们计划允许将部分退休储蓄配置为比特币。另外,银行巨头高盛也首次向以比特币作为抵押品的借款人发放了贷款。类似的,我们看到法国最大银行之一法国兴业银行通过向MakerDao申请2000万美元的稳定币贷款,迈出了机构采用的历史性一步。MakerDao是最大的DeFi借贷平台之一,那家银行将其在链上发行的债券代币用作了抵押品。这些金融巨头的数字资产试验为其他公司提供了效仿及采用的路径。

其他合作

另有多家银行和传统金融服务商在2021年开始涉足该领域。其形式多种多样,包括成立数字资产交易部门,提供数字资产托管服务,与基于区块链的新托管平台合作,开发数字代币,或以其他方式帮助客户群接触数字资产等。

这些举措被媒体广泛报道,也让许多人感到振奋。同时,它们也展现了一些更正统的加密资产用例,不再只是通过价格上涨来牟利。

机构除了在某种程度上增进了信任、意识和宣传以外,也为Web3基础设施、用户体验和安全性的发展和改善提供了一定的支持。

中小型加密基金已经带来了早期采用场景。受到更严格监管的大型实体则面临更繁重的合规和监管报告需求。我们需要提供能满足大型机构的合规、安全及运营需求的基础设施,这将是推动机构从TraFi和CeDeFi试验走向全面DeFi采用的关键。此类基础设施也将在某些情况下造福零售用户(散户)。

矛盾与监管

涌入该领域的资本已展现出对DeFi的兴趣。但在监管层面,政府与加密行业之间存在明显矛盾。监管的目的是维护公共利益,但它会进一步妨碍机构和散户对DeFi的采用。

总体来说,监管永远比一纸禁令好,但监管机构或许会简单地将传统金融规则强加于DeFi之上。这样做不仅可能扼杀DeFi的创新、运作和收益,更有可能扼杀Web3的精髓。这也将违背其维护公共利益的使命。

近期的欧盟提案就是这方面的一个例子。它要求加密服务提供商收集每一笔加密转账的收款人和打款人信息,而且不设最低金额门槛。该提案旨在阻止非法资金流动和犯罪活动。其目的是“确保能像追踪传统汇款一样追踪加密资产”。

DeFi与TradFi

这正是立法者未能理解和领会TradFi与DeFi之间根本区别的关键例证。他们以为当一个自托管钱包绑定一个可验证的身份,就意味着身份对应的那个人能掌控这个钱包,就像当一个银行账户绑定一个可验证身份,就意味着那个人能掌控这个账户一样。但加密资产自托管的情况有所不同。控制权和转账能力跟任何人的身份都无关,只属于钱包的私钥持有人。加密资产持有人没有将资产主权交给银行,而是通过安全保管私匙,保留了对资产的全部所有权。

TradFi是过去,DeFi是未来

在这个提案之后,一些为TradFi汇款设计的监管规定恐将逐渐扩大适用范围,将加密资产转账涵盖在内。出于维护DeFi神圣性的目的,我们应从原则上反对这种做法。它恐会牺牲自托管和隐私的基本信条,并牺牲用户安全。比如当黑客攻击时,银行可冻结账户,但自托管钱包无法冻结,因此一旦隐私被泄漏,用户将面临更高风险。

DeFi社区是时候行动起来了,我们应当积极与政策制定者接触,就无效和繁琐的合规流程的成本采取有理有据的立场。DeFi社区需要制定一套新的监管框架,在审查与去中心化的重要性之间取得平衡。这不仅对于遵循DeFi的基本信条十分重要,也是维持该行业发展所需人才和资本的必要条件。我们应推进中心化与去中心化领域的往来互通,引入同时尊重这两个领域的合规方案。

DeFi:克服学习障碍

监管不确定性给DeFi行业蒙上了一层阴影。除此之外,DeFi也面临另一项关键挑战,即缺乏简单易懂易用的协议界面,令吸引及增长大众化新用户倍加困难。

许多新用户已跳出Web2围墙,开始尝试体验DeFi。我们需要降低门槛和学习障碍,迎合这批对加密好奇的人群,以及后期采用的主流大众。令机构却步的是合规和安全问题。而让主流用户退避三舍的是繁琐笨拙的用户体验和用户界面。

对Web3和DeFi协议感兴趣的用户首先要了解什么是钱包,以及如何把钱装进钱包。他们还需要对其他关键的Web3元素建立基本认识。包括跨链桥、不同链上的钱包以及DEX。DeFi应用程序普遍都很复杂,且充斥着行业术语。对于新用户,学习和测试该技术所需的前期成本和时间是主要障碍。

此外,使用不同的DeFi服务仍需要不同的应用程序,这也会影响用户体验,比如,借贷和交易资产往往涉及多个应用程序。DeFi开发者要明白这对于新人是一个额外障碍。主流用户已经习惯了通过单一界面获得从储蓄到贷款等各类金融服务,满足一切日常财务需求。

DeFi碎片化

目前的网络存在严重的碎片化问题,用户必须以自学途径了解不同的应用程序,并不断切换程序,以使用不同的金融产品。所有协议都是去中心化和独立开发的,这加剧了使用难度。协议间的交互往往复杂繁琐,容易出错。

在以太坊上试验和学习DeFi协议需要支付高昂gas费用,这进一步增加了学习障碍。交易拥堵期间更是如此。集成和提供更卓越、更无缝的用户体验需要伴随rollup技术的进步,rollup提供了在以太坊主区块链之外执行交易的能力。它能解决扩展性问题,降低试验成本,同时保持去中心化。

DeFi:大规模普及

为推动DeFi迈向新的试验和普及水平,我们需要首先从用户角度理解困扰生态系统的种种问题。我们需要鼓励与监管机构合作,并推进广泛的消费者教育。在这个过程中,我们需要降低学习门槛,建设必要的基础设施,确保不仅让大众为DeFi做好准备,也让DeFi为大众的到来做好准备。

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