Ethereum Glamsterdam Upgrade Development Progresses, Mainnet Activation Expected in First Half of 2026

05/04 09:10

On May 4, the development of the Ethereum Glamsterdam upgrade accelerated. According to the latest summary from the Ethereum Foundation, key objectives of the upgrade have largely been achieved, including reaching a consensus on a minimum gas limit of 200 million, stable operation of the ePBS external builder process, and determination of EIP-8037 parameters. Most clients have achieved stable operation on the testnet. The upgrade is expected to activate the mainnet in the first half of 2026 (June), marking the largest performance upgrade for Ethereum since the 'Merge'. At that time, the block gas limit will increase from the current 60 million to 200 million, creating the largest expansion in history, theoretically boosting on-chain throughput to 10,000 TPS. To address the state bloat and operational pressure on nodes caused by this expansion, the upgrade will simultaneously introduce Verkle Trees and a state expunging mechanism, allowing nodes to prune historical data older than one year, which will be handled by decentralized storage and archiving nodes, thus maintaining a stable hardware threshold for validating nodes. Additionally, the base fee smoothing mechanism will reduce the risk of drastic fluctuations in gas fees. The expansion is also expected to significantly impact the Layer 2 ecosystem. With the reduction in mainnet data settlement costs, Rollup fees are expected to decrease by approximately 70%, prompting mainstream L2 solutions like Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base to engage in fee competition. Analysts believe this upgrade will further position the Ethereum mainnet as a high-security settlement layer, while L2 will handle high-frequency, low-cost transaction execution, forming a dual-layer architecture of 'L1 settlement + L2 execution'. It is important to note that the upgrade timeline may be subject to change. Developers have indicated that if the testing progress of key components does not meet expectations, the mainnet activation may be postponed to the second half of the year. Core developers will continue to advance client hardening, testing, and code merging work, with final parameter confirmations to be announced at the AllCoreDevs meeting.
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