Token Unlocks报告：2023加密项目解锁会有何影响？

PanewsPublicado a 2023-01-25Actualizado a 2023-01-25

Resumen

2023年注定会是非常“有趣”的一年，因为许多在2021年获得融资的项目可能需要通过兑现其代币来支持运营。

近日，加密分析公司TokenUnlocks发布《2022年度报告》，其中回顾了2022年加密货币行业并对2023年的市场进行了分析展望，PANews将部分内容编译如下。

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2022年加密货币市场回顾

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据CoinGecko统计数据显示，2022年全球加密货币市值大幅下降，从2021年的2.3万亿美元暴跌至仅8270亿美元，跌幅高达64%。作为市值最大的两个加密货币——BTC和ETH过去一年也呈现出大幅下跌的态势，跌幅分别达到64%和67%。究其原因，还要归结于2022年发生的几个大事件：

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首先，Terra生态系统崩盘，该事件导致几家大型加密公司破产；

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其次，加密货币交易所FTX在2022年第4季度迎来了破产闹剧；

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最后，也是最容易被忽视的一点就是一些项目代币迎来到期解锁，由于解锁后投资者们开始转移代币，结果引发了市场流动性激增。

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CoinGecko从2022年7月4日到2022年12月31日期间对143种协议进行了跟踪研究，包括DeFi、区块链、DAO、元宇宙、CEX、NFT、基础设施者7个主要项目类别，这些项目的总市值已经超过230亿美元，这一数字仅仅只是2023年初8720亿美元加密货币总市值的2.6%。

接下来，让我们再来看看代币解锁的情况。

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2022年初，我们跟踪了38个代币，其总锁定价值约为1425.1亿美元（注：仅仅是已分配代币，不包括质押、流动性挖矿、抵押等），令人大跌眼镜的是，2023年初这一数字已跌至146.6亿美元，这意味着代币锁定价值已下跌了89.7%。 究其原因，主要有两点：

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1、代币价格急剧下跌

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2、2022年发行的代币数量过多

2022年之间解锁的38 个代币总估值约为954亿美元（按照截止到2021年12月31日的价格计算），而在2022 年期间解锁的代币价值为235亿美元。这意味着，仅在2022年一年内解锁的代币价值占到了之前所有年份解锁代币总价值的24.6%。当我们将锁定价值的逐年下降值与2022年解锁价值进行比较时，又发现了另一个有趣的现象：

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代币锁定价值的下降值为：1425亿美元–147亿美元= 1278亿美元，而解锁价值为235亿美元。

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想象一下，假如投资者在全年的解锁日期卖出所有头寸，那么他们平均获得的价值可能只有235美元/1278美元，即原本锁定价值的18.4%，而另外71.6%可能已经被公共市场所吸收。当然，这只是一个粗略的估计，实际上收益率还会涉及到当时的流动性、宏观效应、代币收益等其他各种因素。

不仅如此，我们还重点追踪了两种解锁机制，分别是：

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1、悬崖解锁（cliffunlock）

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2、线性解锁（linearunlock）

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下表列出了2022年悬崖解锁与线性解锁价值的对比。数据显示，悬崖解锁的代币价值占比约为61%（144亿美元/235美元），线性解锁的代币价值占比约为39%。与此同时，我们还可以看到，2022年解锁代币的总价值达到235亿美元，且上半年的解锁价值要比下半年高出两倍之多。

价格影响

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对于投资者而言，随着越来越多的代币从智能合约或钱包中解锁并在市场上流通，如果需求量保持不变，那么不难预料，这些代币价格将会下跌。

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下图是对收集到的数据进行分析后的一些发现：其中x轴表示解锁前后的天数，负值表示解锁之前，正值表示解锁之后，y轴表示与解锁当天价格相比变化的百分比。正如趋势图展示的那样，随着解锁日期的临近，价格通常会下跌15%，而一旦解锁完成又将趋于平缓。值得注意的是，该分析参考了比特币价格，因此相对较为准确。

从上图中可以看出，与解锁前几天相比，代币价格在解锁日往往会下跌，因此我们想找出在解锁前30天、15天和7天做空时损失头寸的概率。

研究数据表明，代币价值损失5%的概率为27%，损失10%的概率为 20%，损失30%的概率为6%（需要注意的是，该分析考虑了比特币在短期内的价格行为）。

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2023年度展望

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报告还对2023年的加密市场进行预测，包括使用剩余市值和FDV对排名前300的加密项目进行代币解锁预测，以了解未来几年内的潜在解锁价值。为简单起见，该分析选取了2022年12月31日300个头部代币（固定供应）的统计数据，并且排除了无限量供应的代币。

总体而言，总供应量固定的代币中已有82.1%的代币在市场上流通，而剩余的解锁代币价值约为1021亿美元。

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接下来，我们再看下剩余锁仓百分比（未来会在市场上进行流通），下面图表显示，96个加密项目锁定了不到总供应量25%的代币价值，其中有15个项目包含了超过75%的非流动性代币。平均而言，一个加密项目约有38.6%的总供应量需要解锁。最后一张图列出了预测剩余锁定价值最高的前15个项目，其中XRP位居榜首，代币价值高达180亿美元。

对于加密行业，2023年注定会是非常“有趣”的一年，因为许多在2021年获得融资的项目可能需要通过兑现其代币来支持运营。尽管大多数用户可能会选择离场，协议产生的收入也可能会直线下降，但相信随着越来越多分析数据的公布，加密行业的透明度在与日俱增，参与者也能够因此更深入地了解到每个项目的代币分配方式，并通过代币经济学和协议设计获得激励。

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相信在新的一年中，整个加密行业都能充满信心地继续前进，创造新的奇迹。

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