【研报精选】潜在的市场动荡是否即将爆发

GlassnodePublicado a 2023-01-16Actualizado a 2023-01-16

Resumen

2022年终加密市场一直很平静,但这种情况一般不会持续很长时间。过去以太坊和比特币波动率如此低的情况通常发生在极其动荡的市场环境之前,之前类型情况的交易价格也时高时低。 尽管 FTX 崩溃之后出现短暂回暖,但比特币和以太坊的链上活动仍然非常疲软。使用链上活动和已实现的上限缩减,可以肯定地说,已实现上限已回到2021年5月的水平。这一过程对投资者来说是痛苦的,但也使市场估值更接近其基本面。

新的一年,加密资产市场仍显低迷。比特币和以太坊的已实现波动率降至极低水平。以之前的经验来看,此类状态一般发生于剧烈地市场波动之前,之前的两次都表现为资产估值减半,并引发了新的牛市。

比特币非常罕见地连续三周以上在 557 美元的价格波动区间交易,最高价格(16.9 万美元)仅比 16.4 万美元的范围低点高出 3.4%。对于所有市场而言,年终通常都较为平静,加密资产领域也不例外。

本文,我们将涵盖以下主题:

目前处于极低的实际波动率。以之前的经验来看,此类状态一般发生于剧烈的市场波动之前,最近的例子是 2018 年 11 月和 2019 年 4 月。

BTC 和 ETH 的链上活动疲软,与整体市场波动性较低相吻合,新的一年基线较弱。

已实现上限的缩水表明 2022 年是迄今为止资本损失最严重的熊市之一。

比特币:第二周价格

比特币市场的高波动性远近闻名,不过在年终还是异常平静。比特币上个月的已实现波动率降至24.6%的多年低点(蓝色),很少有类似程度的实例。所有之前的例子都预示着未来波动性更高,并且大多数交易价格也更高,只有一例(2018 年 11 月)交易价格大幅下跌。

2012-13 年早期牛市,比特币价格在 5 美元到 14 美元之间。

2015 年熊市后期和 2016 年牛市的几个阶段。

2018 年 11 月,紧接着1 个月内缩减 -50%。

2019 年 4 月,随后2019 年 7 月从 4200 美元反弹至 14000 美元的峰值。

2020 年 7 月,随后 2020-21 年的牛市中比特币涨至 6.4 万美元。

比特币:上个月的已实现波动率

比特币基本面疲软

相比之下,以太坊的平静期更少,月度已实现波动率暴跌至 39.8%。历史上类似的低市场波动率后都会产生极端波动,例如2018 年 11 月(-58%的抛售)和 2020 年 7 月(2020-21 牛市)。

比特币基本面疲软

从链上活动角度出发,我们可以看到在 FTX 崩溃之后短期内比特币新地址激增,但此后明显降温。新地址的月平均值(红色)正在回归年平均基线(蓝色),链上活动未能保持持续恢复。链上活动趋势是监测网络基本面复苏的有力工具。

提醒:新地址 (30D-SMA)跌破40.5万/天可能表明链上活动低迷,并走向负趋势。

比特币:新地址增长趋势

尽管比特币短期内新地址激增,但比特币的总价值一直在直线下降。日交易量已从 2022 年第 3 季度的400亿美元/天暴跌至今天的58亿美元/天。

这使每日结算量恢复到 2020 年牛市前的水平,并在很大程度上反映了机构规模资金被驱逐带来的影响。

比特币:交易总价值(USD)

我们可以在对交易量的研究中看到这一点,1000 万美元以上规模交易占主导地位,这是造成交易量下降的主要原因。大规模交易数量占比已从 FTX 崩溃前的 42.8% 下降到今天的 19.0%。

这表明机构规模的资金流动明显停滞,大户可能发生了强烈的信念动摇。这也可能是部分与 FTX/Alameda 实体相关的资金被驱逐。

比特币:不同规模的交易量

对比特币Mining的需求持续疲软,比特币费用收入的回暖尚未取得任何显着影响,虽然回到正值,但仍低于平均值 -0.67 个标准差。

比特币:Miner收入费用(4年)

链上的沉寂也可以从 BTC 和 ETH 的美元计价交易平台流量中看出。下图显示了与部分交易平台相关的比特币(黄色)和以太坊(蓝色)的流入(+ve)和流出(-ve)。

目前,比特币流入量在 3.5 亿美元至 4 亿美元/天之间,与 2021-22 年全年的数十亿美元水相差甚远。同样值得注意的是以太坊交易流量的规模扩大,从 2021 年 5 月的 30% 占比增长到今天的 42%。请注意:这里的 ETH 占比考虑了比特币和以太坊总交易流量(流入和流出),计算为ETH / (BTC+ETH)。

比特币和以太坊的交易平台流量价值

以太坊链上低迷

比特币并不是唯一一个经历这种链上利用率极低的网络,以太坊链上支付的平均Gas价格仍接近周期低点。自 9 月以来的平均Gas价格在 16 到 23 Gwei 之间,这是 2021 年 6 月至 7 月盘整期间以及 2020 年 5 月 疫情恐慌出现不久后的水平。

提醒:平均 Gas 价格 (7D-SMA)突破30 Gwei可能预示着链上活动增加,表明对以太坊Mining的需求增加。

以太坊:交易平均Gas价格

通过按赛道划分 Gas消耗,我们可以看到几个赛道的Gas消耗相对占比正在下降:MEV 机器人、跨链桥、DeFi和 ERC-20。2020 年 9 月至 2021 年 9 月期间,这四个赛道共占Gas消耗量的 45.5%,其中 DeFi 占据了大部分。

然而,如今,这四个赛道仅占其峰值占比的不到一半,占Gas消耗量的 22.6%。

以太坊:不同赛道的以太坊Gas消耗量

近期活动和关注最多的赛道是 NFT,它在整个 2022 年主导着Gas消耗,最近从 13% 增加到 22%。

总的来说,领先的NFT赛道在以太坊主链上保持了主要立足点,迄今为止,目前的 NFT 还没有大范围地向跨链桥和其他链迁移。这可能是因为 2022 年几次引人注目的跨链桥黑客攻击以及目前主链上较低的Gas费。

以太坊:不同赛道的以太坊Gas消耗量

2022 年是资本损失最严重的熊市之一

已实现上限仍然是链上分析中最重要的指标之一,它帮助我们分析数字资产的资金流入和流出。其基本假设是,当加密资产进行交易时,它们的价值是有价格标记的,避免了像市值一样以现货价格对丢失已久的Token(如 Satoshi 的)进行估值。

已实现上限可以说是衡量真实资金流入、比较不同资产估值的最好工具之一。它既可以过滤掉已丢失的Token,也考虑到交易量流失(同一种加密资产不断交易),更好地反映市场的真实投资价值。

以此为背景,比特币的已实现上限自 ATH 以来下降了 -18.8%,这代表网络的净资本流出 了884亿美元。这是历史上第二大相对跌幅,也是已实现损失最大的一次。这导致已实现上限回到2021 年 5 月的水平。

比特币:已实现上限从ATH下跌

以太坊市值的相对缩水幅度更大,自 2022 年 1 月 ATH 以来,以太坊已实现上限的相对规模下降了 -29.2%。以太坊持有者在 2022 年期间锁定了总计671亿美元的净实现亏损。

这也使当前的熊市成为历史上已实现损失最严重的一次,不过相对规模还没有达到 2018-19年熊市35.8%的跌幅。

以太坊:已实现上限从ATH下跌

最后,我们对“市值占比”指标进行了新的解释,旨在解决上述与市值占比相关的一些缺点。被大量使用的“比特币市值占比”指标的主要问题是相对缺乏流动性的Token的市值容易受到操纵(例如 FTT 和 FTX 支持的其他Token)。因此,拥有大量且流动性不足的股份的实体支持虚高的账面估值,但这与实际市场有很大差异。

下面的模型展示了最简单的已实现市值占比。它旨在跟踪两种主要且最具流动性的数字资产 BTC 和 ETH 之间的相对结构性资本流入/流出。

该工具和原则可应用于任何Token,以跟踪占比的结构变化,更好地反映实际资金流动,贴现非流动性供应(例如未归属的Token、协议金库或亏损的供应)。

比特币-以太坊已实现上限占比

总结

2022年终加密市场一直很平静,但这种情况一般不会持续很长时间。过去以太坊和比特币波动率如此低的情况通常发生在极其动荡的市场环境之前,之前类型情况的交易价格也时高时低。

尽管 FTX 崩溃之后出现短暂回暖,但比特币和以太坊的链上活动仍然非常疲软。使用链上活动和已实现的上限缩减,可以肯定地说,已实现上限已回到2021年5月的水平。这一过程对投资者来说是痛苦的,但也使市场估值更接近其基本面。

Lecturas Relacionadas

Must-Watch Events Next Week|CLARITY Act Could Face Senate Vote; SpaceX, Circle to Report Earnings (8.3-8.9)

**Summary: Key Events and Developments to Watch (August 3-9)** The upcoming week is marked by significant financial disclosures, key legislative deadlines, and notable product updates. **Major Financial Events:** Several companies are scheduled to release their Q2 2026 earnings. American Bitcoin (ABTC) will report on August 3, followed by SpaceX and Hut 8 Mining Corp. on August 4, and Circle on August 5. Notably, a significant portion of SpaceX shares (up to 12% of total shares) will be unlocked on August 6 following their earnings release. **Key Legislative Deadline:** The U.S. Senate faces an August 7 deadline to secure 60 votes for the CLARITY Act, a bipartisan bill aiming to establish a federal regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies. The Senate may hold a full vote on the bill during the week. **Economic Data:** The U.S. July Non-Farm Payrolls report will be released on August 7, providing crucial labor market data. **Technology & Product Updates:** * **Shutdowns:** DeFi portfolio tracker Zapper and wallet app Ctrl Wallet will cease operations on August 3. * **Upgrades:** LayerZero will deprecate its v1 relayers on August 3. XRP Ledger's new version 3.3.0, featuring five new functions, is expected next week. * **AI:** Elon Musk announced that the advanced Grok 4.6 AI model is set for release around August 7. * **Bitcoin:** The BIP-110 forced signaling for a potential Bitcoin network change is scheduled to begin around August 8. **Other Notable Events:** Chinese robotics firm Unitree Tech has set its preliminary price inquiry for its IPO for August 5. South Korean exchange Upbit will delist AQT and AERGO tokens on August 3.

marsbitHace 1 hora(s)

Must-Watch Events Next Week|CLARITY Act Could Face Senate Vote; SpaceX, Circle to Report Earnings (8.3-8.9)

marsbitHace 1 hora(s)

Stocks Are Plummeting More Sharply Than Cryptocurrencies. Where Has the Money Gone?

Stock Markets Plunge Deeper Than Cryptocurrencies: Where Did the Money Go? In late July, Seoul's Kospi index triggered circuit breakers for two consecutive days, plummeting over 40% from its June high. The collapse was led by heavyweight stocks like SK Hynix, whose record profits still disappointed investors, and devastating leveraged ETFs, with one major product losing over 83% of its value. This signaled a global, forced deleveraging targeting the most crowded trades. Interestingly, while stocks exhibited extreme volatility akin to crypto markets, Bitcoin rose nearly 15% in July after a prior steep drop. Analysis shows the money fleeing equities did not flow into Bitcoin. Instead, Bitcoin had already absorbed its sell-off in May-June, when U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs saw historic outflows. The true safe-haven beneficiary was gold, whose price rose over 20% year-on-year, highlighting a decoupling between Bitcoin and gold as "digital gold." The sell-off was a targeted unwinding of leveraged positions in tech and semiconductors, accelerated by broker-dealer risk management and shifts in the AI narrative, including new competition from Chinese memory chipmakers. The retreat path was clear: from high-valuation tech stocks to cash and U.S. Treasuries, then to gold. For Bitcoin to attract sustained institutional inflows, conditions like eased global liquidity pressure, a "soft-landing" Fed rate cut, and U.S. regulatory clarity via legislation like the stalled CLARITY Act are needed. Currently, Bitcoin is not a safe haven but an already-cleared asset. Its low correlation with tech stocks, however, makes it a potential diversification play for institutional portfolios once the storm passes. The money isn't here yet, but the positioning is underway.

marsbitHace 1 hora(s)

Stocks Are Plummeting More Sharply Than Cryptocurrencies. Where Has the Money Gone?

marsbitHace 1 hora(s)

In Conversation with Ray Dalio: We Are Currently in an AI Bubble, with 1% of My Portfolio in Bitcoin

Ray Dalio, founder of Bridgewater Associates, warns in an interview that the current AI boom shows classic bubble characteristics, which could lead to significant economic downturns as seen in past cycles like 1929 or 2000. He explains that speculative enthusiasm, fueled by debt and overvaluation, often precedes a crash when rising rates or taxation force asset sales, causing widespread losses and recession. Dalio also outlines his "Big Cycle" theory, describing an approximate 80-year pattern where widening wealth gaps, massive government deficits, and shifting geopolitical power (like China's rise) create internal conflict and global instability. He emphasizes that we are in a late-cycle, transitional phase where traditional powers like the US and UK face decline. For personal wealth protection, Dalio advises diversification beyond cash into assets like stocks, bonds, real estate, and particularly gold, which he prefers over Bitcoin. While he holds about 1% of his portfolio in Bitcoin as a non-printable hard asset, he views gold as more secure from technological or governmental threats. Regarding AI's impact, Dalio believes it will disproportionately benefit capital owners, worsening inequality by replacing both physical and cognitive labor. He suggests that human intuition and emotional intelligence, combined with AI, will be key for future workers. On taxation, Dalio argues that wealth taxes are impractical and risk triggering asset sell-offs, reducing productive investment. He points to the UK as a cautionary example of debt, low productivity, and political strife. Geopolitically, Dalio foresees a more regionalized world, with the US showing weakness in prolonged conflicts like with Iran, akin to past imperial declines. The ideal outcome, he suggests, is coexisting powerful blocs (e.g., Americas, China-Asia Pacific) without major war.

marsbitHace 5 hora(s)

In Conversation with Ray Dalio: We Are Currently in an AI Bubble, with 1% of My Portfolio in Bitcoin

marsbitHace 5 hora(s)

Trading

Spot
活动图片