美国政府为何不阻止加密货币的骗局?

老雅痞Publicado a 2022-11-13Actualizado a 2022-11-13

Resumen

Gary Gensler是华尔街的警长。那么,为什么他不能阻止SBF的爆炸事件所揭示的欺诈行为?

“我很抱歉。这是最重要的事情。我搞砸了,应该做得更好。”——加密货币庞氏骗局始作俑者SBF,2022年

“”

“鲁莽和欺骗不会自动通过忏悔来为自己开脱。” ——路易斯-布兰代斯,1936年

“”

就在他成为总统之前,当世界滑入大萧条最严重的部分时,纽约州长Franklin Delano Roosevelt发表演讲,他攻击Herbert Hoover未能驯服通过腐败和欺诈活动助长危机的华尔街商人。他说:“公众已经在疯狂投机的火焰中烧伤了自己的手指,并学会了害怕火灾。当它仍然害怕火灾的时候,就是我们采取行动的时候了。”

”“

Roosevelt的第一项行动是通过《证券法》规范股票交易,该法迫使上市公司向投资者披露相关的重大信息,从而防止在华尔街如此普遍的市场操纵行为。这些披露信息现在是投资者在分析股票时依赖的东西。最初,《证券法》是由联邦贸易委员会执行的。而新交易商憎恨联邦贸易委员会,因为它懒散而腐败,十年来一直由有利于垄断的亲信管理。但这是现有的全部。

”“

到1935年,新经销商建立了一个新的机构,即证券交易委员会,并清理了联邦贸易委员会。然而,人们仍然对Roosevelt未能驯服华尔街表示出极大的关注。最高法院直到1938年才真正批准证券交易委员会为宪法机构,并在1935年几乎将其推翻,当时保守的最高法院使证券交易委员会更难调查案件。

”“

花了几年时间,新经销商终于实施了一套可行的证券规则,法院就什么是证券的基本定义达成一致。到了20世纪50年代,美国证券交易委员会的调查员可以扬眉吐气,改变市场行为,而金融业的作弊行为也大幅减少。

”“

换句话说,制度变革需要时间。

”“

当我们看到加密货币市场崩溃时,这是一个值得记住的教训,前亿万富翁SBF(他是2022年最大的政治捐助者之一)被发现他不过是一个标准的庞氏骗局始作俑者。我在几天前总结了他的骗局。

”“

加密货币的背信弃义并不是什么不为人知的秘密。在市场的顶部,早在2021年12月,我写了一篇非常明确的文章,说加密货币是一套庞氏骗局。这篇文章被传开了,我收到了大量来自加密货币类型的仇恨邮件。(SBF实际上在他的游说会议之间联系了我,但我出于懒惰或正直,决定不去国会山。相反,我邀请他到我的办公室,所以我们从来没有联系过)。我不是什么天才,我只是讨厌围绕明显的欺诈行为的群体思维。我的意思是,在4月份,SBF在彭博社的《奇闻趣事》节目中说,他所做的大部分事情都是在为庞氏骗局提供便利。但这似乎并不重要,因为那时他似乎有很多钱。

”“

今天,很多人对SBF的偷窃行为很生气。但是,加密货币崩溃的一个更离奇的方面是,人们不仅对那些肇事者深感愤怒,而且对那些试图阻止骗局进行的人深感愤怒。例如,这里有加密货币交易所Coinbase首席执行官Brian Armstrong,就在一年前,他还在与监管机构激烈斗争,指责警察允许在他帮助经营的赌场赌博。

即将退休的宾夕法尼亚州参议员帕特·图米(Pat Toomey)不仅试图保护加密行业免受侵入性规则的影响,而且还亲自拥有加密货币,并指责监管机构对他自己帮助促成的惨败负责。

”“

大多数谩骂的目标是证券交易委员会主席Gary Gensler,他于2021年4月上任,在华尔街、监管政策和加密货币方面有深厚的背景,在加入证券交易委员会之前,他曾在麻省理工学院任教多年。Gensler上任的目标是在加密货币领域实施法治,他知道这个领域充满了骗局,而且是基于未经证实的技术。昨天,在CNBC上,他再次面对Andrew Ross Sorkin的提问,“当这个庞氏骗局如此明目张胆的时候,你为什么要追捕小玩家?”

”“

这是一个重要的问题,要回答这个问题,我们需要了解Gensler正在处理的一些背景。加密货币是证券,应该符合证券法的规定,这将施加规则,促进对整个空间的事实上的禁止。但是,由于监管机构在过去十年中没有真正将其作为证券对待,因此出现了一个全新的虚假法律的灰色区域。

”“

几乎在他一上任,Gensler就试图解决这种情况,并将其作为证券对待。他开始调查加密货币的重要参与者,比如后来被揭露为450亿美元的Terra/Luna计划背后的庞氏骗局的Do Kwon。但是,为了让法院将加密货币作为一套受证券法监管的投机工具而进行的法律争论使法律变得毫无意义。首先,Gensler要求Kwon在调查中自愿合作。Kwon说不。因此,美国证券交易委员会向Do Kwon发出传票,Do Kwon拒绝接受。然后,这个庞氏骗局者居然转过身来,他在Dentsons的强大法律团队起诉了美国证券交易委员会,因为他们试图调查他。

”“

2022年5月,在Gensler开始试图对Terra/Luna采取行动的一年后,Kwon的计划爆发了。随后,一个上诉法院以滑稽的方式表示,美国证券交易委员会有权强制要求Do Kwon公司提供现已破产的计划中的信息。既定的法律,如美国证券交易委员会调查证券业者的能力,现在被重新提起诉讼,这绝对是一种疯狂的行为。

”“

而现在那些在说“监管者在哪里?!?”的人,他们绝对是在为权欢欢呼。一次加密会议的组织者展示了Gary Gensler的脸并播放了Darth Vader的主题曲,在一次活动中,《纽约时报》指出,许多加密货币“爱好者”看着Gensler与他的前任讨论监管问题,“呼吁将他们监禁或更糟的处罚”。

”“

但是,不仅仅是法院成为了障碍。Gensler并不是唯一的警察。其他监管机构,如商品期货交易委员会、美联储或货币监理署,不仅拒绝采取行动,而且积极捍卫自己的监管地盘,反对美国证券交易委员会阻止这些骗局的尝试。

”“

考虑到Gensler是唯一一个真正试图对这一问题采取行动的监管机构之一,这说明人们对Gensler有这么多愤怒。(消费者金融保护局局长Rohit Chopra也做了他能做的事,但消费者金融保护局只有以消费者为中心的规则制定权)。其他人就像Caroline Pham,一位共和党的商品期货交易专员,她也是SBF的热心粉丝,利用与他的会面在她的办公室里拍照。

这背后是政治权力的拳头。每个人都看到了参议院制定的激励措施,当时每一个共和党人,加上零星的民主党人,在成为货币监理处强大的银行监管者时,都击败了对加密怀疑论者Saule Omarova的提名。(Ted Cruz和Pat Toomey带头称她为秘密的共产主义者,但这都是大银行不高兴她会监管它们)。

”“

我们没有像Omarova这样的强势人物,而是由过度谨慎的财政部长Janet Yellen安排在货币监理署的一个弱者代理监理长Michael Hsu。Hsu拒绝阻止银行与加密货币或金融技术的互动,因为正如他在2021年告诉国会的那样,“这些趋势不能被阻止”。他与联邦储备委员会成员Randy Quarles和当时的FDIC主席Jelena McWilliams一起,试图制定一个法律制度(绰号 “加密货币冲刺”)以便银行能够参与加密货币,他说监管可以 “使加密货币的创新更多,使这些创新更持久”。随后,尽管有令人震惊的违规行为,Hsu拒绝撤销加密银行Anchorage的章程,并延长了其他加密银行的章程。Quarles和McWilliams走了,Hsu和Pham假装他们是怀疑论者,但当庞氏骗局高飞时,他们并没有。

”“

不仅仅是这些监管者,每个人都想在官僚主义的蛋糕上分一杯羹。2022年3月,在这一切解体之前,拜登政府发布了一项关于加密货币的行政命令。拜登在其中说,几乎每一个政府机构都会在这个领域有所作为。这里有无尽的官僚名单,他们试图解决一个可能应该被禁止的部门。你不必阅读它,只需向下滚动并像我一样感到恼火。

”“

“该机构间程序应酌情包括:国务卿、财政部长、国防部长、司法部长、商务部长、劳工部长、能源部长、国土安全部长、环境保护局局长、管理和预算办公室主任、国家情报局局长、国内政策委员会主任、经济顾问委员会主席、科学和技术政策办公室主任。信息和监管事务办公室主任、国家科学基金会主任、美国国际开发署署长、联邦储备系统理事会、消费者金融保护局(CFPB)、联邦贸易委员会(FTC)、证券交易委员会(SEC)、商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)、联邦存款保险公司、货币监理署,以及其他联邦监管机构。”

”“

这……太疯狂了。如果每个人都负责,就没有人负责了。

”“

这里还有很多背景故事,CFTC在各种加密货币是否被视为 “证券”或 “商品”的问题上与Gensler争论不休,而这两种货币有非常不同的法律制度,美联储/财政部为防止 “稳定币”落入SEC手中而斗争。还有一个问题是法官敌视“行政国家”,他们经常以“正当程序”的名义堵塞政府对庞氏骗局的必要行动。

”“

而所有这些斗争的背后是硅谷一些最有权势的人的金钱和政治威望,他们正在资助一场大型政治斗争,为加密货币编写规则,从前财政部长Larry Summers到前SEC主席Mary Jo White都在其中。(即使是现在,即使是在这一切被揭露为庞氏骗局之后,国会仍然试图编写对该行业有利的规则。这就像说,伙计们,停止它。没有贿赂的钱了!)

”“

此外,Gensler接管的机构被深深地削弱了。自里根政府以来,美国证券交易委员会的政治领导人一波接一波,把这个地方搞得乱七八糟,执法者也变得愚蠢。法院将委员会打成了死结,国会也将其打成了死结。在特朗普的领导下,加密货币爆发了,因为他的SEC主席Jay Clayton对加密货币没有真正的政策(在离开后立即进入该行业)。SEC是如此不作为,以至于当Gensler上任时,一些高级律师实际上对他试图让他们做的工作进行了反抗。

换句话说,监管机构在法庭上被束缚住了,他们的对手是一群强大的风险资本家,他们向国会和华盛顿特区投入了大量资金,他们有微弱的法律杠杆,他们不得不处理 “加密货币爱好者”,他们认为他们应该被监禁或受到伤害,因为他们试图围绕市场操纵实施基本规则。

”“

底线是,Gensler只是一个监管者,面对的是大量的权力、金钱和不良的机构习惯。而我们作为一个社会,只是通过我们选出的领导人做出选择,在金融市场上几乎没有任何有意义的执法,这在2008年金融危机期间首次变得非常明显。然后在十年后变得很滑稽,当时这个部门的唯一真正用途是洗钱、庞氏骗局或在互联网上购买毒品,设法积累足够的政治力量,让Tony Blair 和Bill Clinton参加在一个被称为 “未来”的避税天堂举行的会议。

”“

然而,现在我们有机会纠正方向。1932年,FDR明确指出了这一点,正如我在上面指出的。他说:“公众已经在疯狂投机的火焰中烧伤了自己的手指,并学会了害怕火。当它仍然害怕火灾的时候,就是我们采取行动的时候。好吧,Gensler正在行动。现在是调查和重振我们的执法者的时候了。否则,我们就会一直问一个问题:监管者在哪里!?而我们不想听到的答案是:正是我们把他们放在那里了。”

Lecturas Relacionadas

Rented Faith: How Much of the Bitcoin ETF Inflows Is Real Money?

"Rented Conviction: How Much of Bitcoin ETF Flows Is Real Money" The weekly inflows into Bitcoin ETFs are often interpreted as a gauge of institutional belief. However, a significant portion of this activity is driven by a hidden arbitrage trade, not directional conviction. The core mechanism is a cash-and-carry arbitrage: traders buy spot Bitcoin (often via ETFs) while simultaneously shorting CME futures to lock in the price difference, or "basis." This delta-neutral trade is essentially an interest rate play. In weekly data, about half the fluctuation in ETF flows can be explained by new short positions added by leveraged funds (hedge funds), with a correlation of 0.70. Bitcoin's price movement in a given week shows no statistical power in predicting these flows. While this arbitrage trade drives weekly *volatility*, it is not the main component of the cumulative *stock*. Of the total ~$55 billion in net ETF inflows, the current net arbitrage position is only about $1 billion. The remainder is steady, directional buying averaging ~$400 million per week, which constitutes the vast majority of the accumulated "mountain" over two years. Thus, ETF flow data overstates the *volatility* of conviction, not its *level*. This arbitrage trade has been unwinding for nearly two years. Leveraged fund short positions peaked at ~$14 billion in late 2024 and have since declined to ~$4.5 billion. When the basis compresses to unprofitable levels, ETF inflows and short positions retreat together. Recent outflows should not be mistaken for a loss of faith but rather the routine unwinding of this rate trade. For Ethereum ETFs, the pattern is weaker. Accounting for staking yield makes the basis often negative, so neither strong conviction buying nor robust arbitrage supports its flows. To interpret ETF flows correctly, monitor the CME basis versus T-bill rates and leveraged fund net shorts. They reveal how much of the next "demand" headline is real. The real, patient buy-and-hold demand is what constitutes the enduring bulk of ETF assets.

marsbitHace 2 min(s)

Rented Faith: How Much of the Bitcoin ETF Inflows Is Real Money?

marsbitHace 2 min(s)

Soaring Over Tenfold Within the Year: The Frenzy Over SK Hynix Leveraged Products

South China Morning Post The leveraged ETF tracking SK Hynix has surged over tenfold year-to-date, fueled by intense market speculation on the memory chip sector. By June 22, the value of the 'South Korea 2x Long SK Hynix ETF' listed in Hong Kong had skyrocketed by more than 1,061% since the start of the year, while its asset size exploded over twenty times from the end of last year. The rally is driven by AI-driven demand for high-bandwidth memory (HBM), with SK Hynix recently sampling its next-generation HBM4E product. However, industry professionals warn of significant risks. Leveraged ETFs magnify both gains and losses. During a recent market correction, while the underlying SK Hynix stock fell 19.1%, its double-leveraged ETF dropped nearly 38%. Korean regulators noted that such products could theoretically lose 60% in a single day. Additionally, these ETFs face risks like time decay in volatile markets, liquidity spirals during mass redemptions, and extreme price dislocations from market-making failures, as seen in early June when an ETF moved opposite to its underlying stock. The trading is predominantly driven by retail investors, with institutional capital largely absent due to the products' high volatility. Analysts caution that with the semiconductor sector at elevated valuations and facing geopolitical and supply chain uncertainties, leveraged ETFs pose a substantial threat of amplified losses for uninformed investors.

marsbitHace 1 hora(s)

Soaring Over Tenfold Within the Year: The Frenzy Over SK Hynix Leveraged Products

marsbitHace 1 hora(s)

18 Months, Over 50x Surge: KIOXIA's Epic Comeback

KIOXIA, a NAND flash memory giant, staged a dramatic comeback driven by AI demand. After a period of significant losses, a failed merger, and missed HBM opportunities, its 2024 IPO began modestly. However, fueled by explosive demand for AI data storage, its stock price skyrocketed over 50 times within 18 months, making it Japan's most valuable company, surpassing Toyota. Its Q1 FY2026 profit guidance soared 30-fold year-over-year, with 2026 NAND capacity already sold out. Key to its success is its 3D NAND technology, BiCS FLASH. As the inventor of NAND, KIOXIA advanced its technology through generations, reaching over 200 layers by 2023. Key innovations include CBA (CMOS directly Bonded to Array), which separately manufactures control circuits and memory arrays for better performance, and OPS (On Pitch Select Gate) to increase density. The company is now developing high-capacity packages like an 8TB solution stacking 32 dies. Looking beyond NAND, KIOXIA is exploring 3D DRAM with its OCTRAM technology, using oxide semiconductor transistors for ultra-low leakage to reduce power consumption. This fundamental research differs from HBM and represents a long-term bet to extend its 3D expertise from NAND into future DRAM architectures. KIOXIA's story highlights how technological assets and shifting market cycles can rapidly transform a company's fortunes. While questions remain about sustaining growth beyond the current AI boom, its resurgence demonstrates that in semiconductors, being down does not necessarily mean being out.

marsbitHace 1 hora(s)

18 Months, Over 50x Surge: KIOXIA's Epic Comeback

marsbitHace 1 hora(s)

Market Trends in U.S. Stocks (June 23): Peak at Listing? SpaceX Loses Over $800 Billion in Three Days, Tech Stocks Experience Severe Internal Divergence

Stock Market Trends (June 23): Did SpaceX Peak at IPO? The company loses over $800 billion in market value in three days as a sharp divergence unfolds within the tech sector. SpaceX's post-IPO decline of over 20%, falling below its first-day close, reflects a swift market repricing. The catalyst is a clear shift in narrative from "AI platform potential" to concerns over rising capital costs, as its $8.57 billion IPO and subsequent $20 billion debt offering are earmarked for acquisitions and refinancing existing bridge loans rather than de-leveraging. While high-valuation tech stocks like Google, Meta, Amazon, and Microsoft faced pressure, Micron surged nearly 7% to a record high following a strategic supply deal with Anthropic for HBM and memory, highlighting robust, tangible demand in AI infrastructure. The broader market saw funds rotate into more defensive industrial and financial names. Macro factors included a dip in oil prices to a three-month low on news of a US-Iran framework deal, though logistical hurdles for resuming full Strait of Hormuz shipments remain. Key events ahead include Nvidia's shareholder meeting, Micron's earnings, and the May PCE inflation data. The latter will be crucial in determining whether the sell-off in high-valuation growth stocks, which appears to have just begun, will persist.

marsbitHace 1 hora(s)

Market Trends in U.S. Stocks (June 23): Peak at Listing? SpaceX Loses Over $800 Billion in Three Days, Tech Stocks Experience Severe Internal Divergence

marsbitHace 1 hora(s)

Trading

Spot
Futuros
活动图片