Web3别再试图装()了!

FastDailyPublicado a 2022-11-10Actualizado a 2022-11-10

Resumen

基于区块链的信任验证系统有可能带来巨大的变革。它可能并不酷,但它将解决当今几乎所有交易领域的一个重大问题,并直接启用新的P2P市场。本文将给你解释为什么当前对Web3 DeFi当前状态的看法是可能是错误的。

去中心化永续应用很酷。去中心化永续支付网络的想法甚至更酷。对于每一个新项目,Web3都会在其之前迭代不足的基础上进行改进。更快、更便宜、更可互操作、更酷。问题是,酷并不意味着有用。

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让我们看看一个流行的Web3 DeFi项目PancakeSwap:

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“在PancakeSwap上,你可以在糖浆池中质押蛋糕代币,在自动做市商(AMM)、IFO上提供流动性和贷款,在其NFT市场上交易NFT,并交换BEP-20代币。你还可以在PancakeSwap的预测市场和彩票中赢得大奖。定期质押还不够吗?试试Pottery吧!”

在撰写本文时,该交易所锁定了42亿美元的价值。我能感觉到一种FOMO在悄然袭来,也许我对Web3 DeFi当前状态的看法是错误的,我应该全力以赴。

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问题是,像PancakeSwap这样的Web3项目,以及几乎所有其他Web3项目都无法解决现实世界的大众市场问题。当然,一旦你超级深入Web3 DeFi,并试图与其他区块链上的人交易你的9阶合成GME衍生品,你就需要非常酷的工具,但是你能在一分钟内向一般人解释为什么你需要它吗?

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几乎每个Web3项目的前提都可以归结为解决以下两个问题:

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1. 只适用于Web3的现有用户的问题

2. 因法规而存在的问题

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两者都是不可扩展的。第一点在市场规模上有一个固定的上限。虽然有些公司销售出色的Web3工具,但他们卖的是挖沙子而不是金子的的铲子。问题是,买铲子的人还没弄清楚他们在挖什么。对于第二点,如果太过成功,监管者就会把你关停。对于一个项目来说,解决一个小众用例并不是“坏事”。它只是不值数万亿美元。

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Web3的圣杯:一个“用例”

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我们仍在寻找一个为大众带来增量的可行用例。但我们看到的投资规模就好像Web3是货币的未来一样。Web3目前的状态肯定不是货币的未来。

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那么,为什么仍有这么多钱流入Web3项目呢?

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这是因为我们看到,通过启动一个新的Web3项目,小型团队产生了价值数十亿美元的感知价值。今天还有哪些领域拥有如此多“成功”的公司呢?没有什么能与之相比。每个人都想参与进来,而且由于成千上万的Web3公司拥有着数十亿美元,所以它“必须是合法的”。反过来,这会导致更多的资金和更多的聪明人加入到追逐的行列。Mr. Wonderful的Web3投资论文总结了为什么这么多人把钱投进Web3(包括他自己):“知识资本去哪里,你就去哪里”。

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虽然这是一个很好的经验法则,但Web3并不是一项新技术;它是一种新的意识形态。如果Web3是一项基本的新技术,所有逃离到这里的知识资本将预示着巨大的潜力。但事实并非如此。它是一种思维模式的转变。我们没有发明一种新型晶体管或计算机通信方式。

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把Web3看作是开源运动,你将如何从开源运动中“致富”?当然,销售工具可能是一种方式。但在Web3中,这些工具被用来做什么呢?这里的重要变化是从中心化到去中心化(区块链)。从根本上说,从集中式数据到区块链数据的转变并不能解决我们在Web3之前无法解决的问题。这是信任的转变。

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最近的颠覆性技术浪潮是DotCom时代,它又名Web1。Web1的主要问题不是缺少产生价值的用例,其问题是估值失控,类似于19世纪40年代的铁路狂热。除了卖铲子的公司,Web3的收入在哪里?今天Web3中最有价值的公司是交易郁金香的交易所。如果你需要将Web3公司创造的价值描述为“无法用收入衡量的东西”,那么你拥有的只是一个邪教,而不是一家公司。

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让我们看看Helium,一家正在开发区块链的物联网公司。

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Helium成立于2013年,是一个纯粹的物联网去中心化互联网游戏。然而当它推出时,它缺少了今天所看到的“成功”的关键部分。它不在区块链上,也没有Web3代币。它以美元支付。而且它并没有引起人们的注意。为了拯救陷入困境的公司,Helium的高管们认为,与其用真正的货币支付参与者,不如发明我们自己的HNT代币。我们可以说,我们在区块链上,在Web3热潮中乘风破浪。他们最近以12亿美元的估值筹集了2亿美元,即时获得了成功。他们的实际收入如何呢?2022年9月的无线网络数据销售收入为1151.07美元。更不用说他们是借力于真正的ISP,如果Helium发展到足够大,这些ISP将彻底摧毁它们。但毫无疑问,这是Web3领域成功和创新的一个巅峰。“你不能用收入来衡量他们的价值”。问问你自己,如果Helium在Web3之前是一家失败的公司,那真的是因为他们没有一个有效的方式来买卖他们的网络流量吗?这对Verizon、AT&T或任何其他ISP来说都不是问题。为什么Web3会成为Helium销售无线数据“成功”的催化剂?

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除了大众的狂热和贪婪,没有别的解释了。

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尽管我对Web3 DeFi的看法不同,但我相信在Web3的用例中,中心化到去中心化的范式转变可以创造巨大的价值,类似于开源运动。不过,这些解决方案并不酷,而且问题也相当无聊。除了股票购买难以“买进”之外,他们很可能看起来很像普通的初创公司。

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不会成为用例的是:Web3支付

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第一世界国家并没有支付问题。高昂的信用卡费用与需要用区块链取代FedACH(或你本地的L1支付层)毫无关系。

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由于消费者利益、欺诈成本和管理这些传统“L2”网络的成本,信用卡有很高的费用。消费者喜欢信用卡,更喜欢它们的信用额度。他们不会因为你发明了一种免费交换CAKE代币和比特币的方法就放弃它。如果消费者不需要它,商家也不想要它。区块链并没有消除网络成本,也没有消除不良行为者。

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在美国,FedACH相对便宜,每笔交易0.0002美元(是的,比Solana更便宜!),而且明年FedNow服务将推出24x7x365的即时支付。它不会是完美的,参与者将需要时间来接受它,但它即将到来。从长远来看,Web3在成本和速度上无法与之竞争。便宜于0.0002美元或快几秒钟对普通消费者来说真的有什么意义吗,特别是当你必须承受极端的波动时?

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虽然Web3在非流动性货币的跨境交易以及作为腐败和失败政府货币的替代品方面有令人信服的用例,但与整个支付领域相比,这些都是小众用例。只解决发展中国家问题的技术很少会改变发达国家的运作方式。

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想想所有令人难以置信的改变生活的发明,它们在一夜之间极大地改善了数百万人的生活。但它们是否改变了我们第一世界的运作方式或创造了万亿美元公司吗?不,因为它们解决的是我们所没有的问题。

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Web3货币(不为政府所有)将永远处于边缘地带,因为一旦它们威胁到一个重要大国的本土货币,它们就会被取缔。主要大国一直在争夺世界储备货币的地位。Web3不具备在这个领域竞争所需的实力。我们没有生活在一个团结一致的世界。我们需要世界上所有相应的政府都对Web3买账。

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值得解决的问题

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从帮助银行与Zelle整合到在一家初创公司建立ACH市场支付网络,我参与过传统支付领域的各种项目。我亲身体会到目前的体系有很多缺点需要改进。

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不幸的是,监管负担和官僚主义使得创新缓慢得令人痛苦。应对欺诈和洗钱具有挑战性,而且成本高昂。再加上建立支付网络的公司一般都想赚取利润,于是就有了今天的状况。相比之下,Web3 DeFi的参与者都是为了社区的利益而参与,没有欺诈或骗局,没有人想要致富,一切都打着民主化的名义(反讽)。

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Web3不把欺诈和洗钱当作头等问题。使用加密货币比使用美元更容易逃脱金融犯罪的惩罚。任何不这么认为的人都是在痴心妄想。一些交易所强制执行AML/KYC,但许多交易所不这样做。是的,当局最近抓获了一些盗窃数十亿比特币的高调的不良行为者,但那是因为他们自己的失误。如果能够将加密货币直接用于任何具有现实世界价值的东西,他们很可能不会犯这些错误。

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当中本聪首次宣布比特币时,一个核心属性是“参与者可以匿名”。从那以后,这个问题就一直存在于社区中。Web3仍在与KYC/AML的采用作斗争,而不是将其作为技术未来的愿景。为什么不呢?

想象一下,你想在城外租一套公寓或度假屋,却需要给素未谋面的房东寄钱。如果你能把押金寄给他们并且知道这不是骗局就太好了。或者,如果你接到一个你不熟悉的号码打来的电话,如果有一个系统能告诉你打电话给你的人实际上不是一个富有的尼日利亚王子,那不是很好吗?

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与其让Web3成为匿名的代名词,不如让发件人、收件人、电话呼叫者以及其他基于信任的交互在区块链上都能得到验证。中本聪在强调如今现金的信任问题上是有道理的;他只是找错了对象。我们不应该让银行成为坏人,而是需要在价值交易上修复信任。在数字交易日益增多的世界里,你经常看不到或不认识与你打交道的人,这就是我们应该解决的问题。如今的价值交换是异步的,托管对于小型交易是不切实际的。我们目前的解决方案是依靠大型公司来弥补消费者的信任差距(想想Ebay、Etsy或App Store评级)。但不一定要这样。

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基于区块链的信任验证系统有可能带来巨大的变革。它可能并不酷,但它将解决当今几乎所有交易领域的一个重大问题,并直接启用新的P2P市场。

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