代币发行的三个最新趋势

DoraFactoryPublicado a 2022-10-28Actualizado a 2022-10-28

Resumen

代币设计的创新落后于更大的生态系统;研究人员将重点一直放在扩展、智能合约优化和其他更多技术主题上,而代币设计似乎是事后才想到的。

代币设计的创新落后于更大的生态系统;研究人员将重点一直放在扩展、智能合约优化和其他更多技术主题上,而代币设计似乎是事后才想到的。但是创始人越来越意识到它的重要性,并正在投入大量资源来设计代币模型。在这篇文章中,我们将深入探讨代币发行中的三个主要趋势,并为早期团队提供一些可行的指导。

在 DeFi 中,代币分配通常通过流动性挖矿(LM)激励和公开销售来进行。但这种惯例正在改变——而且速度很快。过去一年,DeFi 中的 TVL 增长了约 5 倍,传统的 LM 计划已经失宠,许多较新的项目并没有仅仅引导初始流动性,而是使用代币来获得长期的社区成员。随着流动性的增加,协议能够更具选择性并更好地吸引长期利益相关者。

在过去的一年里,我们跟踪了代币发行

的三个关键发展

1.代币设计过程越来越自下而上,更多的责任转移给了社区。

2.拍卖的新创新正在帮助创始团队在没有 ICO 或公开销售的情况下推出代币。

3.网络正在试验针对持续发行的锁定机制,以试图改善价格波动并排除投机者。

代币发行设计正变得更加由社区驱动

从2018年开始,我们开始看到代币设计对项目的更大社区的包容性的暗示。这个时代的早期代币有一些参数可以通过治理来设置;例如,Uniswap包含一个用于协议收入的费用开关,可以通过投票程序打开并设置为不同的百分比。这种灵活性被证明有助于未来的增长--例如,Yearn在2021年初实际铸造了~2亿美元的额外代币。这种设计将更多的权力转移到项目的长期利益相关者和治理参与者的社区。

这个过程继续进行,整个代币分发模型由贡献者投票选出。例如,Gro 的“DAO 优先”方法是在代币之前启动 DAO,这使得贡献者能够最终确定其设计和分发。有趣的是,尽管分配由社区决定,但只有 1% 用于空投——远低于许多协议。换句话说,这个过程并没有吸引希望将代币分配给自己的投机者,而是吸引了支持 DAO 和协议的长期利益相关者。已建立的协议也采用了类似的方法,最值得注意的是 Yearn 最近的代币经济学变动,社区提出并修改了类似curve的模型。

这种更具包容性和民主性的过程培养了一个更强大的利益相关者社区,更符合协议的长期成功。它还引入了对代币分发的额外审查。在接下来的一年里,我们预计代币分发和设计的责任将从创始团队部分转移到社区;虽然两者都肯定会发挥关键作用,但项目贡献者和治理参与者将充当审阅者和新想法的来源,以确保更可持续的代币价值积累。甚至可以将外部各方引入设计过程;像 Fire Eyes 或 Token Engineering Commons (TEC) 这样的社区专门研究代币经济学,并且可以提出由 DAO 投票选出的设计以获取奖励。重要的是,这个过程还允许 DAO 贡献者影响协议的长期愿景,从而赋予他们更多责任。社区成员不会觉得自己是被动的支持者,而是会获得一种主人翁感和成就感,从而进一步加强社区。

新的拍卖形式正在帮助团队更成功地

推出代币

在过去的一年中,许多新颖的拍卖机制被用于协助价格发现并实现更公平的代币分配。由于二级市场流动性疲软,2017-2018 年 ICO 浪潮中的许多代币都被能够操纵价格的大型鲸鱼抢购一空。

鉴于那个 ICO 时代的混乱,去年出现了一些新的拍卖类型。流动性引导池(LBP)根据需求在设定的时间段内拍卖代币;价格最初设置为以给定的速度下降,但如果代币看到高需求,价格就会上涨。LBP 旨在捕捉每个投资者的支付意愿,并防止鲸鱼大量收购代币,因为这样做会导致价格飙升。(代币也只能少量购买)。然而,LBP 也难以吸引广泛的利益相关者,因为缺乏经验的投资者不太愿意在这段时间内承担复杂的价格风险。

Tokemak 的“Degenesis”试图通过让所有投资者在拍卖结束时支付相同的价格来纠正这一缺陷。该活动设定了一个初始价格范围,将在几天内决定。如果投资者觉得价格过高,可以撤回他们的资金,并且在活动结束时确定最终价格之前不会分发代币,每个人都支付相同的价格。价格走势没有“猜测”,鼓励更广泛的投资者参与。但是,该活动筹集的资金可能少于潜在的 LBP,因为一些投资者可能愿意以更高的价格购买代币。

最近,Locke Protocol 引入了流式拍卖来分发代币。这种机制在设定的时间内将代币分配给质押者,参与者可以随着价格的变动而进入或退出拍卖。当质押代币净流入时,价格上涨,当净流出时,价格下跌。随着价格变化进出的能力为经验不足的参与者提供了更友好的用户体验,并防止鲸鱼因价格上涨而大量购买代币。

与传统的 ICO 不同,这些更具创新性的机制可以通过更公平的初始代币分配来提高价格稳定性。他们巧妙地利用可编程性(TradFi 产品不具备的功能)以使投机鲸难以抽空和抛售代币的方式分配代币,同时为较小的参与者提供更好的体验。

在接下来的一年里,我们预计这些拍卖和新机制将成为 DeFi 中初始代币分配的标准。使用上面详述的自下而上的过程,团队可以通过论坛讨论向社区提出拍卖,并定制模型以满足各个协议的不同目标。

试图通过锁定稳定价格并吸引长期

利益相关者

去年,许多协议都尝试了通过减少流通供应来改变其原生代币二级市场结构的锁定。这些锁定的目的是迫使参与者与协议的长期成功保持一致(或至少在锁定结束之前)。

OlympusDAO 通过bonding机制开创了协议拥有流动性 (POL) 的概念。用户将存入stables或蓝筹股,并在几天后以折扣价收到 OHM——这种机制类似于贴现的零息债券,因此与锁定不相似,但非常相似。奥林巴斯还著名地提供看似不可能的高 APY,以激励持有者质押他们的代币,从而减少流通供应。然后,OHM 与绑定资产成对存入DEX 的流动性池中,允许协议“拥有其流动性”。该机制在牛市期间表现良好,但在投资者不愿在债券期间接受价格和市场风险的恶劣市场条件下,也被证明是灾难性的。由于 OHM 被取消抵押和出售,代币价格暴跌;该模型的受欢迎程度迅速下降。

Curve 于 2020 年年中发布,引入了投票托管(ve)合约,ve 代币经济学已成为 DeFi 中最受欢迎的框架之一。该模型允许 CRV 持有者在不同的时间段内锁定代币,更长的锁定时间会获得更高的奖励提升(倍数)。veCRV 持有者还对决定 CRV 释放到 Curve LP 的计量权重进行投票,这导致了“曲线战争”,其他协议“贿赂”veCRV 持有者,将奖励释放引导到他们的池中。许多其他协议正在采用 ve 代币经济学,包括 Ribbon 和 Balancer 等项目。虽然还很年轻,但该模型似乎限制了波动性。

其他锁定机制在过去一年中也更加普遍。Gro 为发行引入了代币归属计划,持有者可以通过延长归属期来增加其 GRO 奖励。锁定也可以应用于初始分配。例如,空投。

人们对锁定的看法不一。支持者认为,他们降低了短期波动性,奖励了长期持有者,同时阻止了投机性的高频交易者索取大量的奖励。相反,批评者认为,散户--由于财务限制和较少的市场风险承保经验,不愿意接受锁定。他们有时会在牛市中对价格施加人为的上行压力,而在熊市中退出时会大幅回撤。尽管如此,项目仍然可以广泛地考虑锁定,只要他们也了解正在实施的模型的具体缺点和限制,特别是被吸引或阻止参与的人的类型。

结语

本文的目的不是为代币发行提供 "复制和粘贴 "的模型,而是对该领域的实验前沿提供一个高水平的概述。ve tokenomics、Olympus-style PCA bonding和其他机制的日益普及促使了一个高度标准化的景观。随着该领域变得更加同质化,它似乎已广泛转变为收益竞争,但这种趋势是不可持续的。

相反,早期项目可以考虑自下而上的代币设计、新的拍卖机制和锁定作为通过代币发行培养长期利益相关者社区的一种手段。从广义上讲,代币设计的创新落后于更大的生态系统;研究人员将重点一直放在扩展、智能合约优化和其他更多技术主题上,而代币设计似乎是事后才想到的。但是创始人越来越意识到它的重要性,并正在投入大量资源来设计代币模型。

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