扎克伯格的元宇宙VS库克的AR,国内创业者究竟该信奉谁?

蓝鲸财经Publicado a 2022-10-26Actualizado a 2022-10-26

Resumen

苹果对AR的热衷,成为了不遗余力推广元宇宙的扎克伯格与Meta的眼中钉,双方的隔空口水战也愈演愈烈。

尽管苹果那款存在于传言中的AR“大杀器”迟迟没有发布,但作为苹果CEO的库克却早已在各种场合持续宣扬AR技术和设备的重要性,并且毫不掩饰对元宇宙概念的不屑。

不过,苹果对AR的热衷,成为了不遗余力推广元宇宙的扎克伯格与Meta的眼中钉,双方的隔空口水战也愈演愈烈。

美国时间10月11日,Meta召开了一年一度的Connect大会。大会上,Meta发布了全新VR高端头显Quest Pro,并宣布与微软达成战略合作,试图通过企业领域进一步拓展其VR生态以实现元宇宙。

即便只是自家的新品与战略发布会,扎克伯格也不忘揶揄潜在的竞争对手,在提到每一代平台的生态时,不点名的暗示苹果生态太过于封闭。

相比于Meta和苹果似乎存在技术路线上的差异,国内投入VR、AR还是元宇宙的各种体量公司似乎更多的差别还停留在创业赛道上,像是字节通过收购硬件公司all in了VR,而更多中小体量的创业公司则更多在通过AR寻找机会,当然最不约而同大概就是只要能沾边,任何公司都不吝于站出来表态自己要进军元宇宙业务。

站在当下这个时刻去审视扎克伯格和库克作为两大科技巨头掌门人对于XR路线的分歧,或许更能对国内的不论是元宇宙创业者还是AR硬件新公司有所启发,毕竟从智能手机的发展历程不能看出,对于不同平台和技术道理的选择,将很大程度上决定很多公司的生死。

国产元宇宙:学“Meta”者不一定生,像“Facebook”大概会死

虽然扎克伯格几乎在公开场合直接点名苹果,但各种明示暗示都表明他将苹果视为在元宇宙领域的主要竞争对手。

甚至在此前,扎克伯格还在内部全员大会上表示过,Meta与苹果正在元宇宙建设方面展开“极其深刻的哲学竞争”。“这是哲学之争,是理念之争。他们认为,通过亲力亲为和密切整合自己的产品,就能创造更好的使用体验。”

扎克伯格表示,“而我们认为,不同的企业在各自的专业领域还有许多事情可做,这样就能催生一个更加庞大的生态系统。”他表示,Meta与苹果的竞争是关于“互联网未来走向”的竞争,Meta应该将自己定位成更加开放、实惠的苹果替代品。

可以说扎克伯格已经开始逐步意识到了所谓的元宇宙在生态层面的问题,那就是光靠其自身平台从零开始打造所有工具和内容是完全不现实的,并且从成本角度而言也是几乎不可能的。这一点不光是仅仅是娱乐生态,就包括商业生态也是一样。

Meta元宇宙虚拟社交平台Horizon Worlds

在Facebook时代,作为社交平台,Facebook的排他与封闭也都是行业知名的。对于一心想要在国内市场复制Meta对于VR和元宇宙路径的字节跳动以及其他平台来说,如何在构建一个软硬件一体平台时依然保持足够的开放性去吸引合作伙伴,依然是值得考虑的问题。

从硬件设计再到软件生态,如今国内的VR厂商几乎都是亦步亦趋在模仿Meta,其实在扎克伯格高调宣布全面转向元宇宙之前就已经存在了。

尤其是对于花大钱收购Pico并且刚刚高调发布了新品的字节来说,由于国内互联网平台长期畸形的内卷式竞争,其在移动互联网时代产品的封闭性比Facebook有过之而无不及,在抖音上微信只能以字母缩写形式存在,也证明了巨头之间存在无法跨越的高墙。

这种状态在VR的世界里也并没有有所好转,起码到现在还没有哪家国内VR平台会宣传自己能够完美支持微信在VR中进行聊天,或是能够使用其他巨头的云服务办公产品,这种底层生态的割裂最终也影响到了所谓元宇宙的跨生态实现。

同时从硬件上来看,不论是刚发布的Pico 4还是爱奇艺更早推出的奇遇Dream Pro,其实也就才在部分硬件参数上追赶上了发布已经超过两年的Oculus Quest 2,这一方面是销量不足导致对供应商话语权的无力,比如Pico 4并没能用上高通刚推出的骁龙XR+芯片,首发独占硬件还是Quest Pro。

Quest Pro

另一方面则是国内VR厂商和Meta也有出现了一个类似早期苹果、三星与国内安卓手机厂商之间的关系,那就是在海外大厂没有给出足够的硬件创新并彻底改造和优化好供应链之前,国内厂商很难走出自己的硬件“创新”思路。

这一点在VR硬件上展现的更加明显,因为如今主流的VR硬件设备几乎都是由山东潍坊的歌尔股份进行代工生产,因此导致一旦领先者拿出一个成熟的硬件方案,后来者几乎只能照单全收,最典型便是Pico和Oculus新品的光学方案都从菲涅尔走向了Pancake,随着PS VR2用上了mini led技术,明年Quest 3势必也会有更多硬件技术上的迭代。

基于国内强大的OEM代工能力,硬件即便是用不上最新的设计也还是能够保证有成熟且具有性价比的方案可用,但不论是字节跳动还是爱奇艺试图沿袭Meta之前那种高度闭环的生态模式建设,最终的结果就是导致目前国内的VR内容生态不论是数量还是质量都明显赶不上硬件的迭代速度。

如今Meta的VR软件生态很大程度上要得益于Facebook早早收购Oculus的成果,但即便如此,随着硬件销量的提升,受众面早已扩展到非硬核游戏玩家之外的群体,Oculus依然需要更多游戏、娱乐之外的软件来拓展其使用场景,即便Meta在这种情况之下也需要选择开放生态。

这种开放性终于也在近期的Connect大会上第一次体现出来,Meta选择与微软牵手将Windows等办公场景引入头显装备,甚至还包括Xbox云游戏。

Meta Connect大会

扎克伯格表示:“为了真正发挥虚拟现实的全部潜力,我们需要达到这样一个层级:每年购买新电脑的2亿人能够在元宇宙中更好地完成部分或全部工作”。

对国内的VR厂商来说,在生态护城河尚未建立时讨论生态开放的问题似乎有些为时尚早,但在单一厂商都还只能卖出几十万台硬件产品的当下,即便是软件的边际成本能够无限趋近于零,各自为政的代价依然极其高昂,更重要的是并不是所有公司和产品都能等到killer app出现或销量爆发的那天。

对于国内的VR公司来说,目前的问题还只是如何说服更多用户去尝试VR以及坚定元宇宙是未来的信念,而对于选择了AR这条道路的国内创业公司来说,似乎大家都还在等着苹果如何通过一场发布会来宣布"AR时代“的到来。

国产AR:逐渐升温,焦急等待“苹果”

苹果重视AR早已不是什么秘密,过去多年的iPhone发布会,总是有一个环节不厌其烦的展示新iPhone的AR功能,即便现实中绝大多数用户都几乎不会使用这些功能,但拥有世界上卖的最好的移动计算平台,依然给了苹果一个AR技术”试验田“。

库克对AR的看好和从根本上看不上VR,其实也不是这两年元宇宙概念兴起后才出现的,这是2016年他在犹他的一次演讲中对AR与VR谁能普及的回答:

”说到AR的普及,比如说,什么时候这个房间里的所有人都在用AR,做到这点的前提是大家都把AR视为一种可以接受的东西。因此我认为两者之间AR会是真正普及的那个。我的确认为发达国家的大部分人有朝一日会每天都接触 AR。所有国家的人最终都会如此,几乎像是一日三餐……而VR,和AR比起来,我不觉得会特别火。”

苹果AR 平台 ARKit

这番话其实要比他过去一两年来对元宇宙不屑的态度来的更加明确,那就是AR才是未来,VR则完全是站在AR的反面。

对于国内的创业公司来说,做不成Meta做苹果显然也不是什么坏事,尤其是还有罗永浩这样的”移动营销机器“如今也投入到AR行业。

因此,相比于门槛更高、玩家更集中的VR领域,如今入门级的国产AR眼镜反而涌现出了大批新品牌。

雷鸟创新、影目科技、影创、Rokid和Nreal等AR新势力在发力B端或前期拓展海外市场后,终于都开始重新将焦点关注到了国内逐渐升温的AR消费市场,Nreal与Rokid在最近接连发布了消费级AR眼镜产品,试图抢在苹果的AR眼镜到来之前,率先占据部分市场。

不过根据罗永浩的说法,AR作为“下一代计算平台”起码得有十亿级别的销量作为支撑,由于目前技术和生态远谈不上成熟,AR消费级产品在销量上甚至不及VR一个零头。

根据IDC数据,2021年全球VR/AR终端硬件出货量达1123万台,同比增长92.1%。其中VR终端硬件出货量达1095万台,而AR终端硬件出货量仅有28万台。像是Nreal在国内新发布的AR眼镜,在投入了不少营销宣传成本的情况下,从天猫和京东平台的销量来看,发售一个多月过去实际销量大概也就在一千多台左右。

《全球AR/VR头显市场季度跟踪报告,2021年第四季度》

不论是Nreal Air还是刚刚发布的Rokid Air,其本质也和“增强现实”关系不大,从产品宣传到实际用户评价都不难看出,目前这些产品有且仅有的使用场景就是作为一个并不稳定的外接大屏存在,核心的使用场景也更多局限在影音娱乐内容的消费。

最典型的便是Nreal Air,其价格更贵的高阶版本与基础版最大的差异便是加入不同时限的爱奇艺和咪咕会员套餐。换言之,让用户能够多看剧才是这一设备的核心卖点。

可以说相比于微软的HoloLens和谷歌的Google Glass过于高端不接地气的问题,国内这些AR设备通过有线外接手机等设备,起码实现某一特定场景的易用性。但问题就是这类场景甚至比过去HoloLens和Google Glass还要单一的多,市面上能够看爱奇艺的设备如此之多,为什么一定要选择一副只能干这么一件事的AR眼镜呢?

之前由于使用场景受限,HoloLens早已转向了工业甚至军事领域。

谷歌则在今年5月的开发者大会上展示其第二代Google Glass的应用,将会通过其强大的机器学习和翻译功能,将AR眼镜作为翻译沟通工具,起码从当时的演示视频不难看出这一功能的确极具未来感和实用性。

其实对于国内的AR产业来说,比VR更尴尬的是,他们甚至还缺少一个像Meta这般能够为行业描绘出清晰远景的领头羊,因此所有人好像都在等苹果的AR设备。

但在这之前,国内有些AR初创企业已经因为销量太低而撑不下去了,像影创这样欠薪跑路的AR创业公司显然并不是唯一一家。

对国内的AR初创公司来说,不要纠结于硬件上的突飞猛进,能不能在有限的硬件环境下开拓出具有创新价值的应用场景,或许才是考验国内AR创业公司打破瓶颈的关键节点。

即便如同罗永浩之前所说科技巨头似乎已经失去创新能力,但如今的初创公司真的又有多少石破天惊的创新,起码在VR/AR以及元宇宙我们这个领域尚未看到。

扎克伯格与库克多少到目前为止其实还停留在路线之争,Meta与苹果的实力也允许它们去持续试错,但对于国内的创业者来说,与其跟随巨头进行路线站队,不如更贴合本土用户的需求去尝试应用场景的创新设计。AR虽然是Augmented Reality(增强现实)的简称,但现实由人组成,真正被增强的始终是每一个不同的个人。

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