Минфин РФ не увидел рисков в санкциях против криптокошельков россиян

ИзвестияPublicado a 2022-10-11Actualizado a 2022-10-11

Resumen

Запрет на обслуживание криптокошельков граждан РФ, который вошел в восьмой пакет санкций ЕС, практически не повлияет на инвесторов из России, сообщили «Известиям» в Минфине. Там объяснили: технология децентрализованных финансов способствует тому, что криптобиржами могут пользоваться клиенты из разных стран. Крупнейшие биржи пока ограничения не вводили, сообщили их представители. В общей сложности россияне хранят в криптовалютах около 20 трлн рублей и порядка 70% из них — на централизованных биржах, оценили эксперты.

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Хранить можно, биржи — поменять

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В восьмой пакет санкций Евросоюза против России вошел запрет на обслуживание криптокошельков и счетов россиян вне зависимости от суммы таких активов. Это значит, что биржи и компании, зарегистрированные в ЕС, которые требуют для открытия счета на своих платформах паспорт или любой другой документ, должны будут блокировать заявки граждан РФ и перестать работать с их кошельками, объяснил основатель фонда RusCoin Алексей Быков.

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Однако в Минфине не увидели значительных рисков для россиян. Сейчас офис многих криптобирж существует в виртуальном пространстве, поэтому ими могут пользоваться граждане из разных стран, этому способствует технология DeFi (децентрализованных финансов), сообщили в пресс-службе ведомства. Там уверены: за счет этого санкции практически не отразятся на инвесторах из России.

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Где безопасно

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Всего россияне сейчас владеют криптовалютой на общую сумму около 18–20 трлн рублей, оценил основатель Anderida Financial Group Алексей Тараповский. Он добавил: на централизованных биржах хранится порядка 70% средств россиян в криптовалютах. Разговоры о планируемых санкциях шли давно, поэтому у россиян уже было время вывести активы. Только у 5–10% граждан, владеющих криптой, средства на кошельках будут заблокированы. Ими окажутся вложения клиентов, которые купили крипту из интереса, поддавшись течению моды, то есть не активных аккаунтов, считает эксперт.

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Скорее всего, биржи, которые поддержат санкции, дадут клиентам время на вывод средств, считает основатель фонда RusCoin Алексей Быков. Он добавил: оптимальным вариантом сейчас будет перевести крипту в базовые валюты, как, Tether, Ethereum или биткоин, потому что их принимают практически все площадки, и вывести на обезличенные кошельки. Так, например, в MetaMask при регистрации не требуется указывать данные паспорта или водительских прав, более того, там невозможно определить географическую принадлежность держателя, что делает его безопасным местом хранения цифровых валют для россиян в текущих условиях, сообщил эксперт.

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Выполнять санкции ЕС будут те поставщики криптовалютных услуг, которые стремятся или уже работают в правовом поле Евросоюза, отметил руководитель инвестиционного департамента ICB Fund Аарон Хомский. По его словам, некоторые глобальные платформы могут проигнорировать новые ограничения, например Huobi, они не присоединились и к предыдущим санкциям.

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Перевести средства россияне также могут на некастодиальные кошельки, среди которых аппаратные Ledger, Trezor и ПО-версии Metamask, Electrum, а для совершения операций — использовать децентрализованные биржи, сообщил эксперт. Он добавил: проблемы могут возникнуть из-за перехода на самостоятельное хранение активов. Так, утрата ключей на подобных платформах приведет к полной потере средств, в то время как централизованные биржи позволяют восстановить доступ.

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Восьмой пакет санкций может сузить пространство для маневра российского бизнеса в трансграничных расчетах, так как зарегистрированные в Европе или готовые следовать введенным в ЕС ограничениям площадки могут отказать в обслуживании. Однако в таком случае компании смогут использовать некастодиальные кошельки либо открывать счета на тех биржах, которые не поддержат санкции, объяснил Аарон Хомский.

_{Мария Колобова и Юлия Елисеева для Известий.}

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