华尔街巨头入局:摩根大通推出美元存款代币 JPM Coin 可实现全天候交易、秒级支付

深潮Publicado a 2025-11-11Actualizado a 2025-11-12

存款代币可产生利息,被Coinbase等主流机构接纳,为传统金融与数字资产融合提供创新样板,全球巨头竞争加速升级。

撰文:张雅琦

来源:华尔街见闻

随着金融机构持续扩大其在数字资产领域的布局,华尔街投行巨头摩根大通已正式向机构客户推出其美元存款代币 JPM Coin,此举旨在利用区块链技术实现全天候、秒级到账的支付结算,标志着传统金融在代币化领域的关键一步。

摩根大通区块链部门 Kinexys 全球联席主管 Naveen Mallela 在一次采访中表示,这款名为 JPM Coin 的存款代币代表了客户在该银行的美元存款,现已开始向机构客户推出。用户可以通过与 Coinbase Global Inc.关联的 Base 公链发送和接收资金,从而使支付能够在数秒内完成,并实现全天候不间断运行,彻底改变了依赖工作日和银行营业时间的传统支付模式。

据报道,JPM Coin 的正式推出前经过了数月试运行,参与公司包括万事达卡(Mastercard)、Coinbase 和 B2C2。此举是摩根大通在区块链领域的重要扩张,也反映出全球大型金融机构正积极探索利用数字资产提升支付效率和降低成本的行业趋势。

此次发布正值美国通过了规范稳定币的《Genius 法案》之后,包括花旗集团、桑坦德银行、德意志银行和 PayPal Holdings Inc.在内的众多大型企业都在积极试验数字资产支付方案,显示出市场对合规数字货币的接受度日益提高。

何为存款代币?

存款代币是由商业银行发行的数字货币,代表对现有客户存款的债权。从本质上讲,它们是银行账户中已有资金的代币化版本,旨在利用区块链网络实现更便捷的转移。

这与稳定币有所不同,后者通常与法定货币挂钩,并由政府债券或其他高流动性资产提供一对一的支持。Naveen Mallela 指出:

「我们认为,尽管稳定币获得了大量关注,但对于机构客户而言,基于存款的产品提供了一个极具吸引力的替代方案。」

存款代币相较于稳定币的一个关键优势在于其可以产生利息。稳定币发行方通常从其持有的储备资产中赚取收益,但这部分收益一般不会传递给代币持有者。相比之下,存款代币可以向持有者支付其银行存款所产生的利息,这对于拥有大量余额的机构,例如使用稳定币进行资金划转和作为抵押品的加密货币交易公司,具有显著吸引力。Naveen Mallela 补充称,JPM Coin 将被 Coinbase 接受为抵押品,进一步拓展了其在加密生态系统中的应用场景。

摩根大通的扩张蓝图

摩根大通对 JPM Coin 有着清晰的未来规划。Naveen Mallela 透露,该行计划在稍后阶段将该代币的访问权限扩展至其客户的客户,并在获得监管机构批准后,将其扩展到其他货币面值。该行已为未来可能推出的欧元存款代币注册了代码 JPME。

此外,摩根大通还有意将 JPM Coin 扩展到其他区块链网络。其代币代码 JPMD 的试点计划最早于今年 6 月宣布。

尽管金融公司探索区块链技术已有十多年,但鲜有应用实现商业化,其使用规模与传统市场相比仍然很小。摩根大通是金融领域最活跃的参与者之一,其已在运行一个名为 Kinexys Digital Payments 的网络(前身为 JPMCoin),允许企业客户在该行转移美元、欧元和英镑。

数据显示,该网络目前日均处理超过 30 亿美元的交易,但与其支付部门每日处理的约 10 万亿美元相比,仍只占一小部分。不过,随着纽约梅隆银行和汇丰控股等其他银行也在探索或已推出存款代币服务,传统金融巨头在数字资产领域的竞争正日益激烈。

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