美国政府停摆,哪些“非必要服务”将暂停?

比推Publicado a 2025-10-01Actualizado a 2025-10-01

据新华社报道,当地时间10月1日0时,美国联邦政府时隔近七年再度“停摆”。数十万联邦雇员将被迫无薪休假,部分公共服务或暂停、延迟,经济数据发布将受到影响。此前,美国两党因医保福利方面分歧,未能就新的临时拨款法案达成一致。

路透社1日报道称,美国国会每年会为大多数联邦机构制定详细的支出法案,但该法案很少能在10月1日财年开始前完成制定。因此,议员们会通过临时支出法案,在完成正式法案制定前的数周或数月内避免政府服务中断。

当前的临时支出法案已于9月30日到期,而共和党与民主党尚未就法案延期达成一致。这意味着政府多个部门将因缺乏资金而无法继续运转。那么,美国政府停摆期间,哪些机构继续运营,哪些机构将关闭?

澎湃新闻根据公开信息做了以下梳理:

●社保局正常发放退休金和残疾津贴

社会保障局将继续发放退休金和残疾津贴。但根据该局发布的停摆应对计划,12%的工作人员将被停工,这将导致相关宣传活动暂停。此外,联邦医疗保险和医疗补助项目下的补贴发放将正常进行。

食品援助项目SNAP和WIC继续运营

根据美国农业部发布的停摆应对预案,美国规模最大的食品援助项目——补充营养援助计划(SNAP),以及面向妇女、婴儿及儿童的特别营养补充计划(WIC),在政府停摆期间将继续运营。

美国国税局至少还能正常运转5天

根据美国国税局周一发布的停摆应对预案,该局工作人员将全员到岗 5 天。但该计划未提及,若停摆超过5天后,7.5万名员工将面临何种情况。而在今年早些时候,美国国税局已解雇了约四分之一的员工。

邮政服务、机场会正常运营吗

美国邮政总局(USPS)在一份声明中表示,由于其运营不依赖国会拨款,邮政服务将不受政府停摆影响,邮局将正常开放。

美国联邦航空管理局表示,全美 1.3 万多名空中交通管制员将继续工作,但在停摆结束前不会获得薪水。美国运输安全管理局(TSA)的一份声明也指出,大多数安检人员将继续在岗。

联邦法院10月3日后就没钱了

上周,联邦司法部门警告称,若国会未能通过支出法案,法院可能在周五(3日)前耗尽资金,无法全面运转。在特朗普首个任期内的政府停摆期间,法院曾维持了五周的运转。

军队和执法部门继续在岗

美国国防部在一份声明中表示,200万美国军人将继续坚守岗位,但在停摆结束前不会获得薪水。国民警卫队也将继续在美国各城市执行任务。停摆前已签订的合同将继续履行。此外,国防部可就保护国家安全所需的物资或服务下达新订单。

同样,美国联邦调查局(FBI)、缉毒局(DEA)、海岸警卫队及其他联邦执法机构的工作人员将继续在岗。

边境与国土安全不受影响

美国司法部在一份声明中表示,由于特朗普已宣布非法移民为“国家紧急状态”,负责移民法院系统的司法部工作人员将继续履职。声明还指出,负责与各州及地方官员沟通移民逮捕事宜的工作人员也将继续工作。此外,美国国土安全部的停摆应对计划显示,边境巡逻队和移民执法人员将继续坚守岗位,大多数海关官员也将正常工作。

重要经济数据将暂停发布

对政策制定者和投资者至关重要的美国主要经济数据,包括就业数据和国内生产总值报告的发布将暂停。

小型企业新贷款暂停批准

美国小企业管理局在一份声明中表示将解雇24%的员工,且不会批准小型企业用于购买设备和翻新建筑的新贷款。不过,用于帮助企业从自然灾害中恢复的贷款发放将继续进行。

灾害救济基金还有23亿美元

根据9月15日的一份报告显示,美国联邦紧急事务管理局(FEMA)的灾害救济基金中约有23亿美元可用资金,若遭遇飓风或其他自然灾害,该机构应能正常开展救灾工作。但该机构的另一份声明显示,约4000名FEMA员工将被停工。

值得一提的是,此次政府停摆与以往不同。因为特朗普曾威胁称,如果议员们不通过相关法案,他将解雇更多联邦工作人员。不过,政府尚未明确具体会削减哪些岗位。白宫管理和预算办公室主任沃特在接受采访时表示,“将寻找机会缩减联邦政府规模”。截至当地时间9月30日下午,美国23个最大的联邦机构中,至少有21个已公布了裁员细节。


说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

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