MetaMask 推出稳定币 mUSD,如何转型 DeFi 超级应用?

比推Publicado a 2025-09-16Actualizado a 2025-09-16

作者:angelilu,Foresight News

原标题:不只是钱包,小狐狸也推出了稳定币


当你问入圈的朋友们接触的第一个链上应用是什么,毫无疑问,必然是小狐狸钱包。一个有着可爱小狐狸头形象,且背靠以太坊生态技术实力超强的公司 Consensys 的插件钱包。

2016 年,在 MetaMask 创始人 Aaron Davis 的带领下,这只风靡区块链世界的小狐狸诞生。如今 9 年过去,虽然社区长期以来对 MetaMask 发行原生代币的预期充满期待,但 MetaMask 却出其不意,率先押注稳定币赛道。

在美国《GENIUS 法案》为稳定币监管带来前所未有清晰度的背景下,MetaMask 抓住时机,于昨日(9 月 15 日)宣布其原生稳定币 MetaMask USD(简称 mUSD)正式上线。

mUSD 的技术架构与合作伙伴

MetaMask 在 8 月初首次在治理提案中透露将推出稳定币,距离 9 月 15 日仅不到一个半月,MetaMask 稳定币 mUSD 就已正式上线。此次超速发布离不开 mUSD 的合作伙伴。

mUSD 采用了三方合作模式来发行:Stripe 旗下公司 Bridge 作为发行方、链上部分由 M0 提供技术支持,而 MetaMask 则负责将稳定币深度整合到其钱包生态中。

在其发行架构中,M0 在其中的作用功不可没,依托于 M0 技术,其可让将稳定币储备管理与可编程性分离开来,让受监管实体连接到平台以持有和管理储备,而开发者则使用该平台控制其稳定币的运作方式:定义谁可以铸造、持有和转移,同时定制新的收入来源和忠诚度机会。

M0 就在此次 mUSD 的发行中负责链上可编程性部分。M0 于今年 8 月底宣布完成 4000 万美元融资,融资总额达 1 亿美元,除了支持 MetaMask 发行稳定币 mUSD 外,还参与了 RWA 区块链 Noble 的稳定币 USDN、稳定币协议 Usual 的 USD0 的发行,除此之外,新银行式平台 KAST 和游戏平台操作系统 Playtron 也正在使用 M0 构建自己的稳定币。

那么在 mUSD 中负责真正发行的受监管实体是谁?毫无疑问,就是 Bridge,Bridge 提供 mUSD 中合规的许可、监控和严格的储备管理。Bridge 于去年 10 月被支付巨头 Stripe 以 11 亿美元价格收购,Bridge 可为企业发行定制版的稳定币提供全方位的支持与解决方案。

在此次 mUSD 的发行中,Bridge 联合创始人兼首席执行官 Zach Abrams 就表示,「发行定制稳定币过去需要一年多的时间,并进行复杂的集成。凭借我们的发行技术,我们将这一时间缩短至几周。」

mUSD 定位和链上生态布局

mUSD 定位为一种「钱包原生、自托管、高实用性」的稳定币,与传统稳定币的最大区别在于其与钱包的无缝集成体验。mUSD 将在两个核心场景发挥作用:

  • 链上应用:提供无缝入账、兑换、转账和跨链;

  • 实体世界:预计 2025 年底前通过 MetaMask 卡支持在全球数百万接受万事达卡的商家使用。

MetaMask 产品负责人 Gal Eldar 表示,「mUSD 是将世界带上链的关键一步。它将帮助我们突破 web3 中一些最顽固的障碍,为用户减少入场摩擦和成本。我们不仅让人们上链,还在构建他们永远不想离开的理由。」

mUSD 最初在以太坊和 Linea 优先部署,其中 Linea 是 Consensys 开发的 EVM 兼容的二层网络。在 Linea 上,mUSD 将扮演基础设施角色,集成到各类核心 DeFi 协议中,包括借贷市场、去中心化交易所和托管平台,为用户提供深度流动性。官方还表示,mUSD 的引入将有助于推动 Linea 的 TVL 持续增长和协议活跃度。

稳定币一直是 DeFi 的支柱,但它们始终在钱包之外。此次稳定币布局,显示出 Consensys 的雄心——不仅要构建钱包,还要打造完整的链上金融生态。

不止于此,虽然 mUSD 目前未披露任何收益功能。但此前,MetaMask 就已推出了稳定币 Earn 的储蓄和收益功能,或许 mUSD 的收益值得想象。

跨链生态也是 mUSD 的重要发展方向,Wormhole 已确认将作为互操作性合作伙伴,未来将支持 mUSD 的多链扩展,进一步增强其在不同区块链生态间的流动性和应用场景。

mUSD 储备机制和数据

对稳定币来说,储备构成至关重要,虽然 MetaMask 尚未明确指出 mUSD 的储备,但 M0 作为技术支持方,实施链上储备证明机制,允许用户实时验证 mUSD 的发行量与储备资产的对应关系。

M0 披露的页面中,显示 mUSD 采用了超额抵押模式,抵押品价值(24,814,938 美元)超过了流通供应量(24,318,639 美元),超额抵押率约为 102%,系统设置了近 50 万美元的稳定性储备作为额外缓冲,以抵御市场波动。mUSD 的抵押品完全由美国国债等高流动性、低风险资产组成。

当前 MetaMask 官网已提供 mUSD 的购买和兑换界面,距离 mUSD 上线不到 24 小时,据 Etherscan 数据,截止发文,mUSD 当前的流通供应量为 2436 万枚,其中持币者 179 人,交易 1539 笔。

Consensys 尚未公开 mUSD 的具体商业模式和收入来源。根据行业惯例,稳定币发行商通常通过储备资产产生的利息收入、交易手续费分成或生态系统价值捕获等方式获利。

迈向 DeFi 超级应用

MetaMask 曾是钱包赛道当之无愧的霸主,在 2021 年牛市和 2024 年 1 月的高峰期创下了 3000 万月活用户的辉煌记录。然而,根据 Token Terminal数据,近几个月其月活用户均在 25 万左右,市占率降至 14.8%,在同类产品中滑落至第三位。

与此同时,反观同期的 DeFi 应用,Uniswap 和 Aave 等正从单一功能工具向综合性平台演进:Uniswap 正发展成拥有自己钱包、跨链标准和路由逻辑的交易超级应用;Aave 发行自己的稳定币,且集成借贷、治理和信贷功能。市场清晰地表明——单一功能产品正在让位于生态型超级应用。

在这一背景下,作为以太坊生态最具标志性的钱包之一,MetaMask 推出 mUSD 的战略意义已远超一个产品更新。不仅是其在代币经济学领域的一次系统性探索,更是 Consensys 构建全方位 DeFi 服务矩阵的关键一环。

「小狐狸」也在从单纯的钱包工具向综合金融服务平台转型,在 Web3 体验日趋成熟的今天,MetaMask 不再满足于做一个简单的入口,而是志在陪伴 Web3 用户链上全周期的「超级应用」。


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