美元稳定币侵蚀欧元地盘?欧洲央行警示金融主权危机

金十数据Publicado a 2025-07-29Actualizado a 2025-07-29

欧洲央行市场基础设施与支付部门的高级顾问尤尔根·沙夫(Jürgen Schaaf)近日发出警告,称与美元挂钩的稳定币日益兴起,正在威胁欧洲央行对货币政策的控制权。

沙夫指出,稳定币的迅速普及可能使欧元区面临与“美元化”新兴经济体类似的局面:在这些国家,美元的大量使用会削弱本国政策制定者设定利率或控制货币供应的能力。

作为加密货币交易的核心资产之一,稳定币的全球流通总量已攀升至约2500亿美元,其中绝大多数与美元挂钩。随着特朗普推动将稳定币纳入主流金融体系的支柱地位,这一趋势正在加速。

沙夫在周一发表在欧洲央行官方博客上的文章中写道:

“如果美元稳定币在欧元区被广泛用于支付、储蓄或结算,欧洲央行对货币条件的控制可能会被削弱,”

他还表示,私营部门稳定币若发生“无序崩溃”,可能会“在整个金融体系引发连锁反应”,而这正成为各国央行日益担忧的系统性风险源。

目前,Tether和Circle分别运营着全球规模最大的两种稳定币。而本月美国通过的具有里程碑意义的稳定币监管法案,预计将为华尔街银行推出自有稳定币产品铺平道路。

稳定币以政府债券等安全资产一比一作为支撑,旨在充当加密资产与传统金融体系之间的桥梁。支持者认为其效率高于传统国际银行转账,但其匿名性也使其成为毒品交易和洗钱活动的常用工具。

此次欧洲央行的警告是全球央行对稳定币增长担忧的最新体现。国际清算银行上月就曾指出,稳定币作为货币“表现糟糕”,原因包括它们不受央行支持、缺乏足够的反非法用途防线、也不具备生成信贷所需的灵活融资机制。

此外,如果稳定币未来向储户支付利息,可能导致传统银行存款外流,削弱银行向实体经济提供信贷的能力。

“相关风险显而易见,我们绝不能轻描淡写,”沙夫写道,并补充称,欧洲央行推进数字欧元计划正是“捍卫欧洲货币主权的重要防线”。

沙夫还指出,特朗普对稳定币的扶持政策将进一步巩固美元在全球的主导地位,并可能降低美国的借贷成本。

“对欧洲而言,这将意味着相较美国更高的融资成本,更弱的货币政策自主性,以及更大的地缘政治依赖性。”

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