Coinbase的雄心:迈向加密帝国

coinvoicePublicado a 2025-07-28Actualizado a 2025-07-28


 

超越交易所的野心与加密行业的两难困境

作者:Jay Jo

来源:Tiger Research

编译:白话区块链

Coinbase通过Base链和The Base App,从一个简单的交易平台演变为构建加密货币全栈生态系统。

该公司通过收购多家加密初创公司和强大的Coinbase校友网络,同时扩大其在加密货币行业的影响力,类似Google的模式。

Coinbase的战略举措显然有助于推动加密货币行业的普及。然而,这也创造了新的中心化结构,并带来了如何平衡去中心化价值观的挑战。


1. Coinbase:超越交易平台的雄心

Coinbase于2021年4月成为首家在证券交易平台上市的加密货币交易平台,通过直接上市方式在纳斯达克挂牌。这一事件不仅是单一公司的IPO,更象征着加密货币行业进入主流金融体系的转折点。

公司名称“Coinbase”也具有象征意义,源于比特币的“Coinbase Transaction”,即创建新区块时记录的首笔交易,代表加密货币进入世界的时刻。公司名称反映了其致力于成为加密货币生态系统起点的坚定承诺。

Coinbase的象征意义不仅限于命名。公司以其核心交易平台业务为基础,扩展业务范围,构建庞大的生态系统。公司推出了基于以太坊的Layer 2链Base,并在“A New Day One”活动中推出了The Base App(TBA)。这些发展表明Coinbase正在构建一个涵盖基础设施到应用的加密货币全栈生态系统。


2. 加密全栈:交易平台、基础设施和消费者应用

2.1. 交易平台:Coinbase的可靠现金牛

Coinbase的核心业务无疑是其交易平台业务,为从个人到机构的各类用户提供加密货币交易服务,并通过交易费用创收。截至2024年,交易费用收入占总收入的约60%,规模约为40亿美元。相对稳定的交易费用收入为Coinbase的新业务拓展奠定了基础,类似于亚马逊以AWS为现金牛扩展多个业务。


来源:Coinbase

此外,交易平台的价值还体现在战略可扩展性上。作为连接法定货币和加密货币的核心网关,交易平台为Coinbase提供了庞大的用户基础和交易数据。这一地位使其成为自然吸引用户进入更广泛生态系统的战略枢纽。交易平台为Coinbase提供了财务稳定性和战略扩展能力,是生态系统发展的核心基础。

2.2. Base链:从链下到链上的跨越

Base链是Coinbase直接构建的基于以太坊的Layer 2区块链。通过这一链,Coinbase得以从交易平台业务扩展到链上领域。

来源:Base

这种扩展是加密货币生态系统结构特征所必需的。加密货币生态系统分为链下和链上环境。交易平台主要在链下环境中提供法定货币与加密货币之间的交易服务。

然而,加密货币的实际应用发生在链外的链上环境中,例如基于加密货币的抵押贷款和治理参与。例如,用户在Coinbase购买加密货币后,将其转移到链上以参与特定DeFi协议。这意味着Coinbase面临结构性限制,需将用户送往其他生态系统。

Base链解决了这些限制。现在,用户即使在Coinbase购买加密货币并提取,也能留在Coinbase的生态系统中。正如苹果控制硬件和软件一样,Coinbase现在可以管理从交易平台到基础设施的整个用户旅程,其意义重大。

2.3. TBA:完成加密生态系统的最后一块拼图

2025年7月,Coinbase宣布推出链上超级应用TBA,向更大愿景迈进。其战略不仅限于通过交易平台锁定用户,还通过Base基础设施提供用户实际可用的应用层。尽管基于Base的去中心化应用(dApps)众多,但它们分散且难以在一个地方找到。即使Base链性能优异或费用低廉,若普通用户无法轻松访问,其意义也难以体现。


来源:Base

TBA将加密货币生态系统的核心元素——交易平台、基础设施和应用——整合到一个平台,提供无缝的用户体验。用户可以进行加密货币支付和转账,还能通过基于Farcaster的社交服务产生收入,并立即用于线上或线下支付,带来全新的链上体验。多种服务协同作用,创造强大协同效应,构建一个庞大的链上经济生态系统。这大大降低了参与链上经济的门槛,完成了Coinbase构建庞大生态系统的最后一块拼图。


3. Coinbase打造加密帝国

Coinbase已不再仅是交易平台。公司在交易平台基础上依次构建区块链基础设施和消费者应用,演变为涵盖整个加密货币生态系统的庞大帝国。此外,通过激进的并购策略,Coinbase进一步扩展到更广泛领域。例如,公司收购了Token管理平台LiquiFi、零知识证明技术公司Iron Fish、Web3广告平台Spindl以及加密衍生品交易平台Deribit,触角延伸至Web3行业的各个领域。


来源:Tiger Research

这些动作表明Coinbase试图像航空母舰一样,掌控与加密货币相关的所有接触点。此外,与USDC稳定币发行方Circle的关系更引人注目。Coinbase是Circle的主要股东,获得USDC利息收入的一部分,超越简单股权投资。若Circle破产或未能履行收入分配义务,部分USDC相关权利将转移至Coinbase。这显示Coinbase几乎控制了加密货币生态系统的核心基础设施。


来源:Coinbase Ventures

Coinbase的扩张战略不仅通过并购实现。另一个核心战略是通过Coinbase校友在加密货币行业传播影响力,类似PayPal Mafia的运作模式。公司投资了由前Coinbase员工创立的40多家Web3初创公司,并建立合作关系,持续构建紧密协作网络。著名案例包括Coinbase首位员工Olaf Carlson-Wee创立的Polychain Capital,以及由Coinbase校友创立的dYdX、Farcaster、Zora和B3等主要Web3项目。

我们仍将Coinbase视为交易平台,但其实际运作更像Web2时代的Google。正如Google从搜索起步,主导广告、云和移动等整个数字生态系统,Coinbase也从交易平台业务出发,构建涵盖加密货币生态系统所有领域的庞大帝国。

 

4. 以交易平台为中心的加密市场:是好是坏?

Coinbase正在构建一个庞大帝国。从交易平台到Base链再到TBA的战略举措显然深思熟虑。然而,我们需要思考其在这些激进战略中的定位。

加密货币倡导去中心化,但如今在追求便利性的同时回归中心化。用户自愿进入Coinbase生态系统,且没有理由离开。这实质上是在重塑类似传统金融的结构。

这种变化并非完全负面。像TBA这样的集成平台为用户带来实际利益。用户无需复杂的钱包连接、频繁切换平台或担心高昂的Gas费,即可在单一应用中访问所有服务。从通过社交活动产生收入到实际支付,流程无缝衔接。Coinbase的模式显然有助于加密货币的普及。

然而,我们不能忽视一个关键点。加密货币旨在实现去中心化,但如今在追求便利性的同时形成了新的中心化结构。用户自愿留在Coinbase生态系统中,找不到离开的理由。这与我们试图摆脱的传统中心化金融结构并无本质区别。

市场已选择便利性,扭转这一趋势似乎困难。现在重要的是在中心化便利性与去中心化精神之间找到平衡。真正的挑战在于构建一个生态系统,通过健康竞争和持续创新保护用户选择,同时保留加密货币的核心价值观。


声明:本内容为作者独立观点,不代表 CoinVoice 立场,且不构成投资建议,请谨慎对待,如需报道或加入交流群,请联系微信:VOICE-V。

来源:白话区块链

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