不赔偿国内受害者,FTX 的破产律师自己赚了多少钱

链捕手Publicado a 2025-07-04Actualizado a 2025-07-04

作者:0x13(Sleepy),BlockBeats

2025 年 7 月 4 日,FTX 债权人代表 Sunil 在社交平台发布了一份 FTX 破产清算的文件截图,文件中显示,FTX 将寻求法律意见,如果用户属于受限制外国司法管辖区,则可能会没收索赔资金。

Sunil 还公布了一项数据:在「受限制国家」的索赔资金中,82% 来自中国用户。

但因为国内不允许加密交易,这些用户可能被定性为「非法」,从而被没收索赔资格。这意味着这些用户不但不能收回损失,他们的资产反而还会被「合法地没收」。

社区炸锅了,质疑清算团队的合规理由不过是推卸责任的借口。有人称 FTX 的决定是「美式抢劫」,感叹「国人不如狗」,字里行间透着深深的失望与无助。一些人认为尽管中国对加密货币交易有严格限制,但用户资金不应被直接没收,且 FTX 的决定缺乏明确的法律依据。

在这样一则可能改写全球债权人权益认知的声明之后,外界最为关切的,不只是 FTX 是否「依法行事」,而是谁在做决定、依据何种标准行事、最终受益者又是谁。

接手的人是谁?

接管这座废墟的,是一支来自华尔街的破产重组班底:以重组老兵 John J. Ray III 为 CEO,并由老牌律所 Sullivan & Cromwell(下称 S&C)领衔,组建成的清算团队。

John J. Ray,一位专做公司尸体生意的老手。他曾接手安然破产案,在那场「世纪审判」里,为 S&C 带来了近 7 亿美元的收入。

这一次,他带着同一个律所团队,把 FTX 接了过来。

高薪不是问题,问题是高到什么程度。根据公开文件,S&C 合伙人的时薪高达 2000 美元,而 John Ray 本人每小时也要价 1300 美元。据彭博披露的数据,截至 2025 年初,FTX Chapter 11 破产程序中,S&C 累计申报的法律服务费用已高达 2.49 亿美元。

本该属于全体债权人的资产,正被「专业团队」一刀一刀切走。这也是为何 FTX 债权人一直指责:「他们在重复安然剧本。」

另外让人感到吊诡的是当时 FTX 宣布破产的速度。而直到 SBF 在国会作证的完整证词草稿被曝光后,我们才知道他在破产申请的前两天被怎样「围猎」。

一份由 SBF(Sam Bankman-Fried)准备提交国会的证词草稿中显示,FTX.US 的总法律顾问、同样来自 S&C 的 Ryne Miller,曾与清算团队密切配合,迫使 SBF 及其管理层迅速走向第 11 章破产程序。

SBF 在证词中写道:「Sullivan & Cromwell 的人和 Ryne Miller 向我发了非常多的威胁,他们连我朋友和家人都骚扰了……有人哭着来找我。」

但他已经没机会回头了。他发出的五封邮件,从未被 John Ray 回复过。

他只是这场精致掠夺中的前一个主角。

那份破产申请,是在连夜轰炸、恐慌和孤立中被按下的。他本想继续筹资,试图救场,却被自己请来的法律顾问提前踢出了舞台。

而真正的游戏——关于谁接管这家公司、谁分走它的遗产——才刚刚开始。

谁在瓜分 FTX 的遗产?

这支破产清算团队对 FTX 历史投资组合的处置方式令人愤怒与不解。

这些 Portfolio 曾是 SBF 布局「有效利他主义」梦想的重要棋子,也一度被认为是 FTX 能东山再起的宝贵储备,但被 John Ray 团队几乎「一刀切」式地甩卖清仓,且大部分出售价格远远低于真实价值。

最刺眼的这三笔交易,足以窥见整场清算的荒诞:

1)Cursor:20 万美元换来 5 亿美元的叹息

Cursor,被 AI 圈誉为「Vibe coding 神器」,FTX 当年种子轮投资 20 万美元,在清算中被原价售出。表面看似不亏,但考虑到 Cursor 已被 TechCrunch、彭博等权威媒体报道估值高达 90 亿美元,这一出售价堪称离谱。

根据保守计算,FTX 本可以拿回至少 5 亿美元级别的股份收益,却在律师团队的操作下拱手送人。甚至行业内出现了「比特朗普赚钱还快」的讽刺,直指这笔资产被「特别黑」地甩卖。

2)Mysten Labs / SUI:9600 万美元卖掉一个 46 亿的公链梦

Mysten Labs 及其开发的 SUI 链,堪称下一个 Solana,具备极高的公链扩容能力。

FTX 在 2022 年以约 1 亿美元换得 Mysten 股权及 8.9 亿 SUI 代币的认购权,但清算团队在 2023 年就以 9600 万美元的价格处理掉这笔资产,理由是「快速回笼资金」。

而在高位时,这批 SUI 的价值一度突破 46 亿美元,这意味着当时的 9600 万美元仅相当于日后价值的 2%。

社区一度调侃,如果 SBF 在牢里看到 SUI 的行情,恐怕会气得吐血。

3)Anthropic:13 亿美元卖飞一个 615 亿巨兽

Anthropic,由前 OpenAI 高管创办,聚焦 AI 安全,SBF 亲自注资 5 亿美元,持有约 8% 股份。

清算团队在 2024 年分两次售出所有股权,总计换回 13 亿美元,外界起初认为算不错的变现成绩,但不到一年后,Anthropic 估值冲上 615 亿美元,照此计算,FTX 那 8% 股份价值接近 50 亿美元。

也就是说,破产清算团队至少错失 37 亿美元的额外回报。

FTX 的投资眼光是对的,这几乎没有人会否认。他们在风口来临前请准射出了子弹,在这些公司最被忽视的时刻下注,并且拿到了核心份额。

但 FTX 崩溃之后,这些押注被当成废铁处理。

除了这三大典型案例,FTX 清算团队在 LedgerX、Blockfolio、SOL 代币大宗包拍等交易中,用一致的操作把它们「卖飞」,引起了巨大争议。

比如 2024 年清算拍卖 SOL 代币时,Galaxy Trading 和 Pantera Capital 等机构低价扫货,随后 SOL 价格一路暴涨,套现利润极其惊人,而原本的债权人却只能眼睁睁看着机会流走。根据金融时报、Cointelegraph 等报道,FTX 被认为在优质资产的处置中至少错失上百亿美元的潜在增值。

为什么会出现这种集中且短期内的「清算甩卖」?John Ray 的说法是「及时锁定资金、避免波动风险」,可行业分析者指出,这样的理由无法解释为何大规模折价只针对熟悉的机构朋友进行,且很多资产在不到 6 个月后就出现大幅翻倍。

于是就有阴谋论传出,清算团队在极短时间内把好东西都卖给自家熟悉的基金,自己则能收取天价律师费、快速结案,最终大赚一笔。原本属于债权人的资产,在「合理合规」的框架下,被低价转让给了更接近权力中心的人。

那些被贱价转手的股份、代币与期权的价值仍在继续增长;而原本该握住这份增长的人,只能隔着公示出来的 PDF,看着未来被别人攫走。

破产清算还是「合法洗劫」?

没有哪个行业比加密行业更擅长忘记。眼下市场已重新陷入对 AI、稳定币、RWA 的追逐,2022 年的危机仿佛已经过去,但这场清算程序其实远未结束。

过去三年,FTX 的资产被一刀一刀地切割、打包、拍卖,扒光了一家平台的所有未来,只留下一个空壳。

FTX 破产清算的规模与复杂度,足以载入全球加密史册,但真正值得写进教材的,恐怕是债权人对法律信任体系的集体幻灭。

一方面,John Ray 和 S&C 为代表的清算律师团队,完全合法地收取了天价报酬,几乎不可能被司法追责。另一方面,他们通过免责条款为自己加上了防护罩,即便未来被质疑「恶意清算」也无须承担责任。

对数以万计被 FTX 爆雷洗劫的散户来说,这不是救赎,而是第二次伤害。你可能错过行情,但被剥夺公平的追回机会,才是最残酷的。

目前,FTX 破产资产预计将以总额 145 亿到 163 亿美元进行全球清算分配,可如果中国等地区用户最终无法顺利索赔,那将意味着又一场悬而未决的悲剧:有人被彻底排除在法律体系之外,而原本属于他们的资金被法律的繁琐程序、破产律师的灰色地带吞噬。

更甚者,FTX 团队向破产法院提交的新方案中,还埋进了对顾问免责的隐藏条款,让债权人想起诉、想申诉几乎变得不可能。

或许对行业来说,FTX 的崩塌只是又一个周期的谷底,但对于被困其中的人们,尤其是数以万计中国散户,这不仅是资金的灭失,更是希望的终结。

那群被誉为「专业清算天团」的律师和顾问,用几行字就能决定百亿美元资产的命运,却再无人替这些普通投资者,留下任何翻盘的机会。

推荐阅读:

FTX 拟永久拒赔 49 地区债权人,RootData 提供一站式索赔解决方案

持有百万级 Token、推动 SEC 改革、彻查 FTX 事件!史上最富有的 SEC 主席即将诞生?

 

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