美国众议院加密草案发布:数字资产定义明晰,监管空白待填补

marsbitPublicado a 2025-05-05Actualizado a 2025-05-06

5月5日,美国众议院金融服务委员会与农业委员会的领导人公布了一份讨论草案,概述了一项用于监管美国Crypto资产行业的联邦框架。

众议院金融服务委员会主席French Hill(共和党人,来自阿肯色州)、农业委员会主席Glenn “G.T.” Thompson(共和党人,来自宾夕法尼亚州)、金融服务委员会数字资产小组委员会主席Bryan Steil(共和党人,来自威斯康星州)以及农业委员会商品市场小组委员会主席Dusty Johnson(共和党人,来自南达科他州)共同发布了该立法草案。

这些立法者强调,该法案旨在协调SEC与商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)之间的监管职责,同时为区块链和Crypto资产市场中的关键术语提供法律定义。

Hill主席表示:“该讨论草案在118届国会两党、两院共同取得的进展基础上进一步发展,为保护消费者并维护美国在数字创新领域的领导地位提供了一个持久的框架。”

他还补充道,委员会打算吸纳公众反馈意见,并与唐纳德·特朗普政府合作,推动最终法案的颁布实施。

数字资产分类

这项立法引入了核心行业概念的定义,包括数字商品、区块链系统、去中心化治理、获准支付的稳定币以及成熟的区块链系统。

此外,草案还明确规定,通过Mining、质押或用户奖励进行的分配,即“终端用户分配”,根据现行法律既不属于证券,也不构成销售行为。

Thompson主席强调了立法明确的紧迫性,指出拟议框架将填补监管空白,为开发者和用户提供他们长期以来一直呼吁的确定性。

草案为在CFTC监管下的数字商品交易所、经纪商和交易商设定了注册途径,同时允许SEC保留对证券和某些混合资产的管辖权。从事托管职能、交易促成或与客户进行交互的实体必须遵循新定义的注册和披露程序。

小组委员会主席Steil表示:“这是数字资产的黄金时代的开端,而众议院正引领这一潮流。”

Johnson对此观点表示赞同,称美国必须提供一套符合常理的监管制度,才能继续保持其作为全球Crypto资产投资和创新中心的地位。

美国众议院

草案还保留了对DeFi协议和自我托管的保护。它规定,只要DeFi交易协议和消息传递系统不对用户资金进行托管或行使自由裁量权,则无需遵守传统金融法规。

该法案还禁止财政部或金融犯罪执法网络(FinCEN)出台规则,限制个人通过钱包自我托管Crypto资产的能力。


启动立法进程

委员会已安排于5月6日举行一场联合听证会,主题为“美国创新与数字资产的未来:21世纪的蓝图”,旨在启动正式的立法讨论,并收集利益相关者的意见。

草案包含关于SEC和CFTC联合制定规则的条款,以及通过扩大联邦机构的创新办公室职能,对DeFi、NFT和区块链基础设施开展研究。

通过确立法律定义和明确的管辖界限,拟议法案旨在消除美国在Crypto资产监管方面的不确定性,同时鼓励数字资产市场的负责任发展与监管。

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