ETH2.0到来之际,stETH脱锚,是机遇还是风险?

道说区块链Publicado a 2022-06-12Actualizado a 2022-06-12

Resumen

ETH2.0到来之际,stETH脱锚,是机遇还是风险?

关于以太坊2.0 POS的挖矿这两几天突然爆出一个大雷。

在分享这个大雷之前,先和大家介绍以太坊POS抵押挖矿(也就是信标链挖矿)的一个基本知识:用户是怎么参与信标链挖矿的?

这个过程大概是这样的:

用户把自己的ETH打给服务商,服务商进行操作将这个ETH抵押进信标链进行质押挖矿。与此同时服务商会给用户发一个ETH的凭证代币。这个凭证代币相当于收到ETH的收据。用户打了5个ETH,就会收到5个ETH的凭证代币。stETH就是一家名为Lido的服务商提供的凭证代币。

未来当信标链正式上线之后,用户拿一个stETH找到Lido,就能换一个信标链上的ETH。注意,这时换到的ETH可不是我们现在的ETH,而是未来信标链上的ETH,因为两者在技术实现上是有区别的,我们姑且管这个未来的ETH叫ETH2.0,以和我们现在的ETH相区别。但在价值上,ETH2.0和ETH理论上应该是一样的。

好了,在这种情况下,如果服务商不出现任何问题(比如跑路,耍赖等),每个stETH都能换回一个ETH2.0,但这个时间点是在信标链上线之后才行。

可是如果有一部分持有stETH的用户等不了那么久,现在就需要ETH,那怎么办呢?因为理论上stETH未来是能换成ETH2.0的,而ETH2.0理论上又和ETH价值一样,所以理论上,stETH的市场价格和ETH几乎就应该差不多。

所以在最大的去中心化交易所Curve上,就出现了stETH和ETH的交易对。两者在正常情况下基本上是1:1的价格,也就是等值。

不过这是有前提的:那就是“在正常情况下”。那什么是正常情况呢?就是大家对stETH非常有信心,这样stETH和ETH之间的双向交易额基本相同,两者的价格也就能保证基本持平。

接下来我们要讲的这个大雷就颠覆了这个“正常情况”。

Celsius是一家较为知名的传统加密公司,它为普通用户提供各类加密资产的服务,这其中就包括用户向它存入ETH,到期后它向用户还本付息。

而就在最近,Celsius突然爆出一个大雷:

这家公司去年曾经向以太坊2.0的质押服务商Stakehound抵押了超过4万个ETH参加以太坊2.0信标链的挖矿。然而Stakehound去年由于私钥丢失,导致其损失了相当一部分抵押的ETH,这连带拖累了Stakehound的用户也一并承受这个重大损失。这些客户中就包括Celsius。也就是说Celsius永远丢失了一笔不小数额的ETH。

这个雷被隐瞒了这么久,直到现在才曝出。这引发了Celsius用户的极大不满,沉重打击了用户对它的信心。

“屋漏偏逢连夜雨”------受这件事的影响,人们又开始分析Celsius的ETH持仓,看看还有没有更大的雷。

好事者挖到了这样的信息:

实际上Celsius并没有完整保留从用户那里拿到的ETH,它只保留了总额的27%;而总额的44%给了Lido做信标链的挖矿,得到了stETH,因此总额中有44%是stETH代币;还有29%它自己去做了信标链的挖矿,而根据我们前面讲解的,这29%要等到信标链上线后它才能拿到ETH2.0。

所以实际上Celsius手里马上能还给用户的ETH只有27%,还有那44%如果用户也来提款,则Celsius要把那44%的stETH拿到Curve上去换成ETH才能还给用户。而当那44%也被提完后,如果还有人要提取ETH,Celsius要补上那个窟窿,恐怕十有八九会破产。

从这个逻辑推断,Celsius未来恐怕会大量抛售stETH换回ETH以还给用户,并且极可能破产。而这一切有可能就在最近个把、两个月发生。

如果这种情况发生,则我们前面说的Curve中那个stETH和ETH的交易对保持平稳的前提条件将不复存在,stETH将大幅暴跌。

这个消息一出,这两天市场上顿时紧张起来,大量用户开始主动在Curve上卖出stETH,买回ETH。这导致stETH和ETH脱锚,两者的价格不再满足1:1,stETH的价格开始大幅打折。

更糟糕的是,前天另外一家大量持有stETH的机构也开始在Curve上抛售stETH。这导致stETH进一步折价。

针对这个状况,stETH的发行方Lido昨天公开表示:无论stETH与ETH的市价如何,Lido将严格保证stETH足额兑付ETH2.0。

对此,现在市场上出现了两种声音:

一种是赶紧避开这个风险,宁愿亏点钱也要先把stETH卖掉,好歹换回ETH;

而另一种声音则是:在这个过程中stETH没有任何问题,stETH和ETH的脱锚纯粹是市场恐慌所导致的价格严重扭曲。还可以再等等,等到Celsius的大雷彻底爆发时,stETH会暴跌。到那个时候,就可以用极低的折扣价买到stETH,用这个折价的stETH未来照样能兑付和现在价值一样的ETH2.0。这是个天赐良机。

这件事现在在快速发酵,下一步会如何发展,我们拭目以待。

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