a16z: Web3治理实验路线图

币界网Publicado a 2024-08-10Actualizado a 2024-08-10

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作者:Andrew Hall,Eliza Oak 来源:a16zcrypto 翻译:善欧巴,

正如我们所论证的,Web3 治理可以充当民主的实验室,就像在线市场让经济学家能够进行实验,或者社交网络为网络研究提供了大量数据一样。我们的乐观主义研究是对宪法设计研究中一个特定主题的一项具体分析。但存在许多基础问题,我们可以利用 web3 中的类似机会来研究它们。以下是一些想法。对于每个主题,我们总结了问题并提供了一些项目已经开始探索的具体问题。 

1. 了解投票率

DAO 的一个常见问题是投票率低,这种情况发生的原因有很多,项目关注这个问题的原因也有很多(总结在这里)。在去中心化治理中动员选民的一个主要障碍是无法直接联系选民,但在设计直接通过用户界面或应用程序联系选民的方法方面有很大的空间。借鉴政治学中关于投票技巧的大量文献,web3 中的潜在实验可以研究已被记录下来的提高线下投票率的不同机制(例如,呼吁公民义务、社会压力、减少认知努力、自身利益等)是否也能解释线上环境中的政治行为。 

  • 选民参与选举的动机是什么? 

    • XMTP 和 Snapshot 正在与 Coinbase Wallet、Converse 和其他应用程序合作,向地址发送有关即将推出的提案的消息。 

    • Uniswap、Optimism 和其他公司已经开发了用户界面,使投票和委托更加方便

2. 赋予治理良好行为者权力

目前,大多数 web3 项目都使用“一币一票”模式(即投票权直接取决于代币财富)来对项目决策进行投票。这些代币都是可转让的,也就是说,它们可以在公开市场上买卖。经验证据表明,这可能导致富豪统治体系,少数富有的参与者发挥着不成比例的影响力。对于具有公民动机而非纯粹经济动机的项目,这引发了人们对超越代币投票的兴趣,例如,通过不可转让的声誉,旨在将功绩和贡献纳入治理影响力的积累。收集谁值得信赖或谁有能力的信号的努力由来已久,但直到最近,随着技术的进步,尝试创建可信且普遍可用的大规模声誉系统才变得可行。 

  • 在政治代表中,我们如何奖励功绩和贡献,而不是财富和关系? 

    • 多个项目正在尝试以太坊证明服务(EAS),以便将治理权建立在赢得的声誉而不是代币财富上。  

3. 设计强有力的机构

在设计政治制度时,web3 项目尝试了传统和新颖的方法,并面对了政治学家研究了几个世纪的许多经典问题。设计的快速迭代与大量有关集体结果的公开、细粒度数据相结合,为研究提供了有趣的机会。例如,一些项目正在探索如何通过否决程序赋予民众权力制衡寡头权力的能力。否决权作为一种治理工具有着悠久的历史——从古罗马的平民法庭到需要皇家同意的君主立宪制——尽管研究此类制度的影响的机会相当有限。除了制度化否决权外,web3 项目还在试验司法系统、立法结构、联邦制或各种调解机构。 

  • 否决权何时对治理有用?为什么? 

    • Lido 目前正在试验设计一套治理否决制度。

  • 两院制是设计立法机构的更有效方式吗? 

    • 乐观主义目前正在尝试两院制治理结构。

  • 是否有其他利益相关者应该拥有治理权力?

    • DriftDAO 正在试验一个由三部分组成的治理系统。

4. 提高政治代表性

目前,大多数 web3 代表都是根据代币财富或生态系统地位来选出的。这促使人们尝试以其他更民主的方式选出代表,例如改进代表候选人信息传达给选民的方式以及让代表承担责任的方式。也有人努力探索“抽签”方法,例如随机选择用户在公民大会上讨论特定主题。 

  • 代议制民主比直接民主更有效吗——何时以及为什么? 

    • 随着时间的推移,许多项目已经从直接民主转变为代议民主。

  • 何时以及如何运用协商民主? 

    • Cosmos Hub 最近试行了一个公民大会,以解决有争议的社区决定。

5. 追踪政治行为者的战略行为

借助 web3 中公开的带时间戳的投票数据,我们有机会研究战略代理如何预测他人的行为,以最大化自己的收益,这可能导致投票群体行为或其他基于向后归纳的搭便车行为。美国参议院记录了一种特殊的战略投票,研究这种机制是否适用于在线投票环境将会很有趣。此外,随着人们金融资产信息的可用性,我们可以评估不同的经济动机和利益冲突是否会导致不同类型的政治行为。 

DAO 和 web3 治理提供了一个实验室,让社会科学家能够了解各种宪法特征在塑造民主治理中的人类行为方面所起的作用。我们对这个尚未开发、数据丰富的领域感到兴奋,并希望研究人员和建设者能够就潜在的合作进行联系,以大规模研究治理和民主。 

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