读书 | 从海贝到数字货币,探索畅想跨境零售支付前景

币界网Publicado a 2024-08-09Actualizado a 2024-08-09

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《跨境支付全球史:从马尔代夫海贝到数字货币》

贺力平、赵鹞 著

中译出版社出版

跨境支付(Cross-border Payments)是指两个或两个以上的国家或地区之间因国际贸易、国际投资以及其他方面所发生的国际间债权债务,借助一定的结算工具和支付系统实现的资金跨国和跨地区转移的行为。跨境支付是国际贸易和经济活动的核心,对全球化有极其重要的意义。

纵观全球跨境支付历史演变过程,跨境支付是随着国际产业分工及国际交往活动的持续发展而兴起的。本书梳理了从贝币、金银币、纸币到汇票等非现金支付工具,再到当前发展如火如荼的数字货币的演变历程,其间也阐述了相关货币制度的发展、中央银行和商业银行在支付体系中的角色、数字人民币的发展前景。

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序言

文/张晓慧

清华大学五道口金融学院前院长,中国人民银行原行长助理

跨境支付活动出现于人类诞生之初,远古时期不同部落和不同部族之间的经济交往和物品交换或是最早的跨境支付。彼时,多种多样的物品曾经充当过跨境支付工具,来自印度洋岛国马尔代夫的海贝很可能就是中国商周时期使用的跨境支付工具。中世纪以来,跨境支付领域经历了数次重大创新和飞跃。从中国唐朝的"飞钱"到美第奇家族的私人跨国银行,从国际清算银行(BIS)到环球银行金融电信协会(SWIFT),从移动支付到数字货币,全球跨境支付领域的每一次变革无不生动地体现了创新驱动和创新主导在这一发展历程中所扮演的不可或缺的角色。尤其是21世纪以来,随着全球化进程的加速和数字技术的迅猛发展,特别是网络与通信技术的崛起,支付方式和跨境支付正在经历新一轮的重大历史变革,并持续推动着全球经济和金融的进一步融合发展。

首先,跨境支付为经济发展和贸易便利性提供了坚实的支持。全球产业链的建立和拓展需要一个高效、安全的国际支付体系,而跨境支付的便捷性和高效率直接影响到企业和个人的国际业务活动,为推动全球经济的增长和合作发挥着不可替代的作用。

其次,支付和跨境支付作为金融系统的核心组成部分,将全球经济与全球金融紧密连接在一起,其稳定性直接关系到全球金融体系的健康。作为全球经济的关键纽带,支付和跨境支付在全球经济中的重要性正日益彰显。

最后,跨境支付对于国际货币的地位有着直接而深远的影响。历史上,英镑和美元在20世纪前半期和后半期分别取得显著的国际货币地位,就与两国国内支付和跨境支付的快速发展密不可分。在当今世界,中国作为跻身全球前列的贸易大国和国际收支大国,未来人民币理应在世界经济和贸易中发挥更大作用。而在人民币国际化的发展过程中,中国跨境支付产业的大发展必将发挥关键作用,推动人民币在国际经济体系中被广泛使用。

作为一个具有重要地位的新兴产业,跨境支付与国内支付的互动关系日益频繁和密切,共同为中国经济高质量发展提供着重要支持。国内支付作为跨境支付的基础和出发点,其发展必须得到重视。改革开放初期和中期,由于我国国内支付发展相对滞后,涉及我国的跨境支付主要是应用跨境支付的国外成果和规范。进入21世纪以来,随着中国经济的持续增长和数字新技术的大量涌现、不断创新,我国支付产业发生了根本性的变化。一批国内企业崛起并进军国际市场,成为跨境支付全球领域中新的重要角色。可以预见,未来中国将在跨境支付全球产业中发挥更加显著的作用,为国内支付和跨境支付的良性互动提供有力支持,助力中国经济高质量发展。


图源:视觉中国

令人遗憾的是,支付,尤其是跨境支付问题,过去在我国学术界却相对被忽视且研究不足。这主要源于改革开放初期和中期,支付多为银行的"附属"业务,中小企业和普通民众的支付则主要依赖现金。当时的"国际结算"学科能够应对跨境支付的大多数问题。相对于经济和货币金融领域中的其他问题,国内支付和跨境支付的重要性并未得到应有的重视,也鲜少有人进行深入的研究。今天,学界与业界都有必要加强对支付和跨境支付的全面研究。因为,对跨境支付的学术溯源研究,能帮助我们更好地理解和应对全球经济中不断变化的支付环境,为构建更加稳健和创新的金融体系提供有力的支持;对跨境支付的创新产业研究,能让我们紧紧抓住数字技术与数字经济所带来的高质量发展新机遇,更好地服务实体经济与民生建设;对跨境支付的前瞻政策研究,则敦促我们在各种复杂国际环境中把握历史主动,为金融强国建设目标奠定坚实的发展条件与安全基础。

贺力平教授长期从事国际金融的研究与教学,在国内外享有很高的声誉。他带领博士生赵鹞,遨游史海、历时数年最终撰写成这部《跨境支付全球史》,填补了我国跨境支付领域历史研究的一项空白。在这部著作即将面世之际,谨向他们表示衷心的祝贺!这部著作的出版不仅有着重要的学术价值,更对推动我国跨境支付领域的创新研究、促进数字货币等新技术应用具有深远的现实意义。这本书值得感兴趣的读者认真阅读和思考,一定开卷有益。

  作者:

文:贺力平、赵鹞 编辑:金久超 责任编辑:朱自奋

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