一文带你了解ARC-20 和ATOM代币

jinse_search_ATOMPublicado a 2024-07-29Actualizado a 2024-07-29

要了解 ARC20,首先要了解 Atomicals 协议。

Atomicals 协议是基于比特币网络构建的协议。在比特币网络上,通过 Atomicals 协议,可以创建(mint)、转移以及升级数字物品(nft,如原生数字 nft、游戏 nft、数字身份、域名、社交网络等),也可以创建可互换的代币(token)。也就是通过 Atomicalas 协议,在比特币网络可以生成不可互换的 NFT,也可以生成可互换的 token。这个可互换的 token 就是 ARC20 代币。

Atomicals 协议充分利用了比特币 UTXO 特性,将 satoshi 作为记账单位,也就是说,任何基于 Atomicals 协议创建的数字物品,都可以追溯其交易历史,做到真实可验证。用户、钱包、项目方等任何个体或机构都可以通过简单规则来验证交易历史,检测出是否真实可信。Atomicals 协议的做法,其实是将比特币网络看作为真相源。通过基于比特币网络 +Atomicals 协议,实现数字物品的可信,也就是试图回到当初的数字物品个人所有和掌控的最初想法中。数字原生资产时代需要这一类所有权掌控的底层基础。

Atomicals 协议跟 btc 特性较为契合,且实现方式相对简单,这也使得它受到人们关注且获得技术社区相对青睐。基于 Atomcials 协议构建的 nft,可以在 btc 网络上创建、转移,不受制于索引器或其他中间方,不需要对 btc L1 进行更改,也不需要 L2 或侧链来完成这些工作。总之,在技术路径上相对简单且契合比特币的特性和现状。

此外,Atomicals 协议是开源的,任何人可以免费使用。

ARC20

虽然 Atomicals 协议中重点提到的是数字物品 nft。不过,ARC20 获得了更大的关注。ARC20 是由 Satoshi(聪)支持的可互换的染色币标准,它使用聪(satoshi)单元来代表每个代币,这意味着 ARC20 代币都是有 1 聪(satoshi)来托底的,也就是每个 ARC20 代币价值不会低于 1 聪。因为 ARC20 使用聪来代表部署的代币的所有权单位。ARC20 代币可以进行拆分和组合。任何人可以 mint 自由生成 ARC20 代币,可以通过比特币网络转移。这意味着,ARC20 代币,依附在比特币网络上,且没有对 L1 做任何修改,可以利用现有的比特币基础设施,比如钱包等等。

此外,ARC20 有内置的命名系统,一旦被命名,则全局统一,不会有第二个。比如命名为 ATOM 之后,不会再有第二个 ATOM 名称的 ARC20 代币,具有唯一性。

ARC20 可以设置名称、mint 奖励、可 mint 的总数、开始区块高度以及元数据。

ATOM 代币是什么

首先,这里的 ATOM 代币不是 Cosmos 链上的 Atom 代币,两个「ATOM」是完全不同的两个代币。这里的 ATOM 是通过 Atomicals 协议 mint 出来的 ARC20 代币。根据原子协议描述,这个 ATOM 代币没有团队、没有融资等,是社区原生的代币,也是一种对没有预挖代币的展示方式,有分布式 CPU 挖矿(用 Bitwork PoW)的支撑。由于 ATOM 是早期原生的 ARC20 代币,因此在 ARC20 代币中成为重要的标志代币。

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