可拉伸的“果冻”电池可以改变可穿戴设备和大脑植入物

币界网Publicado a 2024-07-18Actualizado a 2024-07-19

币界网报道:

两个研究小组独立开发了柔性电池,可以拉伸和变形而不会失去功能,这可能会彻底改变可穿戴技术和生物医学植入物的电源。

中国南京大学的一个团队创造了一种锂离子电池,其长度可达原始长度的5000%。研究人员表示,这为“可拉伸储能设备的开发开辟了一条新途径”

根据美国化学学会的一份报告,可穿戴或可植入设备需要灵活的电源,而之前的方法依赖于编织织物或“折纸”等折叠组件

报告指出:“对于真正具有延展性的电池,每个部分——收集电荷的电极和电荷平衡的中间电解质层——都必须是弹性的。”并补充说,使用液体也有挑战。因此,该团队开发了一种特殊的聚合物。

图片来源:南京大学

在他们的实验的简要总结中,该团队解释说,它使用乙二醇、甲基醚丙烯酸酯和银纳米线等材料来制造可以转移到柔性基板上的电极。他们还合成了一种优异的可拉伸聚合物电解质来制造电池,该电池表现出优异的机械性能和电化学性能。

研究人员观察到:“由于高电导率,电极可以在初始和100%应变状态下点亮LED。”。该团队分享了一张电池供电的LED在拉伸前后都保持点亮的图像。

虽然前景光明,但南京大学的原型目前可以在大约70次完全充电循环中保持健康,远低于标准锂基电池在性能退化开始前的300-500次循环。

报告总结道:“仍有改进空间,但这种制造完全可拉伸的固体电池的新方法可能是可穿戴或可植入设备向前迈出的有希望的一步,这些设备可以随着身体弯曲和移动。”。

灵感来自鳗鱼

与此同时,在英国,剑桥大学的研究人员发表了他们自己的柔性电源的研究结果,将其描述为“果冻电池”。这种方法的灵感来自电鳗鱼,模仿电鳗鱼的层状结构——能够导电的有机柔性组织。

主要作者Stephen O'Neill在一份新闻稿中说:“很难设计出一种既具有高拉伸性又具有高导电性的材料,因为这两种特性通常是相互矛盾的。”。

剑桥团队的电池利用水凝胶,这是一种含水量超过60%的聚合物三维网络。这些结构也可以拉伸并恢复原状,而不会失去功能。

该项目的研究论文写道:“在这里,我们合成了超分子聚离子网络,它具有高拉伸性(>1500%)、压缩性(>90%)和快速自恢复性。”。

由于化合物分子形成的可逆键,果冻电池的层粘附力很强。

图片来源:剑桥大学

该论文解释说:“超分子交联使分层试样在界面断裂之前能够伸长其初始长度的10倍以上。”。

团队负责人Oren Scherman是梅尔维尔聚合物合成实验室的教授兼主任,他与该大学工程系的O'Neill和George Malliaras教授合作。

Scherman在新闻稿中说:“我们可以定制水凝胶的机械性能,使其与人体组织相匹配。”。“由于它们不含金属等刚性成分,水凝胶植入物被身体排斥或导致瘢痕组织积聚的可能性要小得多。”

剑桥大学的研究小组建议,他们的果冻电池也可以植入大脑,用于输送药物或治疗癫痫等疾病。除了灵活性之外,水凝胶还表现出非凡的韧性,能够承受压缩而不会发生永久变形,并且在损坏时能够自我修复。

开发这些技术是全球优先事项。世界经济论坛将柔性电池列为2023年“十大新兴技术”之一。这些进步有望扩大可穿戴设备、物联网应用、柔性智能手机和脑机接口(BCI)等领域的可能性。

由Ryan Ozawa编辑。

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