EigenLayer的拗口概念 intersubjective forking 是什么?

Odaily星球日报Publicado a 2024-05-01Actualizado a 2024-05-01

Resumen

Eigenlayer 抽象出了一类新的事实(intersubjective),它不能用之前的方案(ETH Restaking)解决,所以提出了新的解决方案(基于 EIGEN 代币的 Staking 和 Slashing)。

作者:Ebunker Co-foudner 0x Todd

https://twitter.com/0x_Todd/status/1785232393756160091 

EigenLayer的拗口概念 intersubjective forking 是什么?

一个事实,大概可以分为三类:

客观事实(objective)

主观事实(subjective)

介于中间的 “主体之间”(intersubjective)事实。

举个例子:

1. 客观事实,比如说, 1+ 1 = 2 ;

2. 主观事实,比如说,有人觉得 @0x_todd 长得帅;

3. “主体之间”的事实,有点抽象,它来自于“社交共识”,比如说:ChatGPT 是当今 AI 的龙头之一。

“主体之间”的事实,它没有客观事实那么的板上钉钉,也没有主观事实那么的张口就来。

它是一个主体之间的——用人话说——它是群众们的共识,尽管可能不是真理。

如果到 Crypto,再举几个例子:

1. 客观事实,比如说,EVM 执行的代码,如果执行了某个功能,一定会输出某个结果。

2. 主观事实,比如说,一条推特,我觉得 @eigenlayer 给早期持有者划分的比例太少了;

3. “主体之间”的事实,也同样来自于“社交共识”,比如说,比特币是 crypto 的龙头;或者某节点作恶了,因为它隐瞒了一些数据。

如今,大家都知道 Re-staking 是做什么的:

用 ETH 作为押金,完成一些验证工作;

1. 验证成功,则赚取佣金;

2. 如果搞砸,则扣除押金。

但是,怎么判断你到底搞砸还是成功了?押金谁来扣呢?这是一个难题。

验证“客观事实”的还好,有非常明确的判断标准。比如某个智能合约是否执行成功,这很好处理。

验证客观事实的,用 $ETH 当押金没问题。

但是验证“主体之间事实”的就麻烦了,这界定标准也不是那么清晰。这时候你还敢用 $ETH 当押金吗?你肯定不敢。

所以,Eigenlayer 认为,凡是涉及到主体之间事实的验证,不再用 ETH 作为 re-staking,而是用 $Eigen 代币。

这仍然没解决我们刚才的问题。到底怎么判断你到底搞砸还是成功了?

1. 靠多数人投票?那么也会带来“多数人暴政”,比如大户可以联手消灭小户。

2. 靠委员会裁决?那我们来 crypto 干嘛?

所以,Eigen 代币 Staking 准备用第 3 种思路:

3. 依靠 fork(分叉)。如果真的围绕一个“主体之间事实”出现了巨大分歧,那么还有最后手段,就是 fork。

如果你(以及和你站在同一边的人)都认为其他人都错了,哪怕你目前不掌握多数席位,那么你可以直接分叉代币,然后没收其他人的。

注意,这是最终杀手锏。

到底什么是围绕一个“主体之间事实”出现的巨大分歧呢?

EigenLayer的拗口概念 intersubjective forking 是什么?

举个例子,当年,特朗普因为一点点选票连任失败,拜登当选第 46 任美国总统,但是在某个短暂的窗口,特朗普宣称拜登“偷”了他的票,他才是真正合法的第 46 任美国总统。

在这件事尘埃落定之前,肯定有不少人是坚定相信特朗普是真正的 46 任总统,且他们没有主观作恶的意愿,且双方的支持者都无法说服对方。

Eigenlayer 认为,解决这类问题最好的方案:就是相互 fork 代币,让时间检验这一切,因为最终一定会有一方逐渐失去正统性,接近归零。

所以:

1. 在特朗普支持者的眼里(即特朗普版的 EIGEN),要把所有拜登支持者的押金全部没收;

2. 在拜登支持者的视角里(即拜登版的 EIGEN),要把所有特朗普支持者的押金全部没收。

最后的结果我们都清晰了,特朗普在大众视野里并非 46 任总统,特朗普版的 EIGEN 最终归零,所以没收了拜登支持者的代币也无所谓,反正都是 0 。

相反,拜登在大众视野里是 46 任总统,拜登版的 EIGEN 变成正版 EIGEN,特朗普支持者代币之前被没收,也付出了代价。

这就是 intersubjective forking 要解决的问题。

所以,这些必须用 EIGEN 币才行,而不能用 ETH。ETH fork 太难了,而且这也不利于 ETH 安全。当然,这肯定也有让自己代币尽可能锁住的私心。

另外还有一个小细节,EIGEN 是一个双代币模型。

EigenLayer的拗口概念 intersubjective forking 是什么?

一个是标准的 ERC-20 代币,它不会 Fork,可以用于上交易所或者 DeFi。

一个是真正用于判断事实的代币,如果真的出现了巨大分歧,它理论上可以无限 Fork。

这两个代币之间是隔离的,但是有一定的映射关系,感兴趣可以去看白皮书,这里不再赘述。

最后概括一下,Eigenlayer 抽象出了一类新的事实(intersubjective),它不能用之前的方案(ETH Restaking)解决,所以提出了新的解决方案(基于 EIGEN 代币的 Staking 和 Slashing),即发行新的工作代币 $EIGEN。

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