详解Ondo Finance:转型成功,TVL跃升RWA赛道前三

Odaily星球日报Publicado a 2024-01-22Actualizado a 2024-01-22

Resumen

押注RWA获得成功,但未来代币用途依旧迷茫。

原创 | Odaily星球日报

作者 | 夫如何

详解Ondo Finance:转型成功,TVL跃升RWA赛道前三

RWA(真实世界资产)誉为 DeFi 2.0 开启的关键,但似乎离大多数普通投资者来讲较为“遥远”。毕竟购买 RWA 产品需要 KYC,还需满足一定的资产条件,对于大多数散户投资者来讲过高。

如何在 RWA 赛道尚未全面爆发时抢占投资先机,分一杯“羹”呢?一是购买 RWA 项目的代币;二是购买条件门槛较低的 RWA 产品。

第一种方法,投资者需要了解该项目的基础面,以及该项目的产品设计和风险把控。大多数 RWA 产品需要 SPV(特殊目的实体)作为资金管控方来实现风险隔离,这其中就需要关注该实体是否满足当地的法律,以免造成未知的项目风险。购买代币应该是大多数加密投资者主要的投资方式,也是相对来讲,利润最高的方式。

第二种方法,RWA 产品一般代币化现实资产,比如美元和美国国债等。如果投资者满足投资标准,其回报率较为稳定,风险较低。但目前能够参与的 RWA 产品较少,KYC 和资产标准大多不适合加密投资者。

结合上述两种情况,Odaily星球日报在 RWA 赛道中发现了符合条件的 Ondo Finance。本文将介绍 Ondo Finance 的过往历史、产品以及代币情况,希望为读者提供一个合适的 RWA 投资标的。

历时 1 年,Ondo Finance 成功转型

Ondo Finance 创建于 2021 年,早期专注于 Laas(流动性服务)赛道。但随时市场步入熊市,DeFi 市值以及链上流动性缩减,导致项目的发展遇上瓶颈,随即在 2023 年 1 月转型至 RWA 赛道,历经一年时间。截止目前,根据 Defillama 数据,Ondo Finance 的 TVL 在 RWA 赛道排名第三,TVL 为 1.83 亿美元。

详解Ondo Finance:转型成功,TVL跃升RWA赛道前三

Ondo Finance 的 TVL 能位列第三,应归功于其产品的设计。RWA 产品本质上不要特殊的设计,其本身是将传统金融中的标的代币化,这需要如何将现实和虚拟之间的联系更加密切且安全是 RWA 产品设计的难度,投资者购买或赎回 RWA 资产的流程的安全性及规范性是产品设计的目的。

Ondo Finance 目前所推出的 3 个 RWA 产品为 OUSG、USDY 以及 OMMF。

OUSG(美国国债)

OUSG 是 Ondo Finance 中 TVL 的主要贡献产品,TVL 为 1.17 亿美元。OUSG 的底层资产绝大多数来自于贝莱德旗下的短期美债 ETF:iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF(纳斯达克代码:SHV),还有一小部分为 USDC 和 USD 作为流动性。

SHV ETF 成立于 2007 年,是指投资周期为 1 年以内的短期国债,其追踪 ICE 美国短期国债指数,根据yahoo数据显示,目前 SHV ETF 的开盘价为 110.42 USD,总资产约为 184 亿美元,年化回报率为 5.17% ,标普评级为 AA 级。

目前 OUSG 的现价 104.66 USD,年化收益率为 4.69% ,支持以太坊、Polygon 和 Solana 链上购买,其中值得注意的是 Ondo I LP 作为基金管理方,管理投资者购买的 OUSG 的 SHV ETF 份额。Ondo I LP 作为 OUSG 的 SPV 为美国实体公司,这有利于投资者的风险隔离,帮助用户在突发状况下赎回份额的方案(突发情况为项目破产等原因)。

相关费用方面,OUSG 收取 0.15% 的基金管理费、最多 0.15% 的用于支付基金管理人、审计商等服务提供商的费用,还有本身该 ETF 发行方的贝莱德收取的 0.15% 的 ETF 管理费。

但 OUSG 的购买要求较高,KYC 的验证是前提条件,同时还需满足为“Qualified Purchasers(合格购买者)”的要求,该要求需要投资者至少持有 500 万美元的投资组合,并 OUSG 的最低购买额度为 10 万 USDT。

但相比于熊市阶段价格的剧烈波动,投资于年化收益为 5% 左右的短期美国国债 ETF 的 RWA 产品是合适的标的。所以 OUSG 在近一年的时间,TVL 的规模发展较快,成为 Ondo Finance 的主要产品。

USDY(美元利率)

USDY 是一种由短期美国国债和银行活期存款担保的代币化票据。USDY 面向普通投资者,购买额度为 500 美元以上,并可在购买后 40-50 天在链上铸造转让。USDY 目前价格为 1.02 USD,年化回报率为 5.10% ,TVL 为 6620 万美元。

USDY 相比于加密世界经常使用的 USDT 和 USDC 的稳定币来讲,更像是一种具有利息的稳定币,也可以归为生息稳定币板块,但相比于其他生息稳定币来讲,其背后支撑为传统银行,且根据其官网披露,该 USDY 符合美国监管要求。

由于 USDY 在一定期限后可以在链上铸造流通,充当稳定币的形式来运作,那么 USDY 的结构设计以及风险把控就显得尤为重要。以下为 USDY 设计的重点以及监管方式。

  • 结构设计: USDY 由 Ondo USDY LLC 发行,并作为 SPV。资产与 Ondo Finance 分开管理,并保持独立的账簿和账户。这种结构确保了将 USDY 抵押资产与 Ondo Finance 的潜在金融风险分离;

  • 超额抵押: USDY 采用超额抵押作为风险缓解措施。最低 3% 的首次损失位置用于缓解美国国债价格的短期波动。目前 USDY 由 4.64% 的首次亏损头寸进行超额抵押;

  • 第一优先权: USDY 投资者在基础银行存款和国债上拥有“第一优先权”。Ankura Trust 担任抵押品代理,监督 USDY 持有者的安全利益。与持有资产的银行和保管人建立了控制协议,授予 Ankura Trust 在特定违约情况下或通过 USDY 持有者投票加速贷款时控制资产并偿还 Token 持有人的法定权利和义务;

  • 每日透明度报告: Ankura Trust 担任验证机构,提供每日透明度报告,报告储备情况。这些报告详细介绍资产持有情况,确保透明度和责任。报告经过独立验证,提供额外的可靠性保证;

  • 资产配置: USDY 采取谨慎的投资策略,以维持资金的安全性和流动性。资产配置目标为 65% 的银行存款和 35% 的短期美国国债。这种保守的投资方法仅专注于这些安全和流动性较高的工具,将风险暴露降到最低;

  • 资产托管: 支持 USDY 的美国国债存放在摩根士丹利和 StoneX 的“现金托管”账户中,确保资产安全。这些资产不会再次被再次质押。Ankura Trust 每天验证这些存款的存在。

USDY 产品通过上述方式,将资产和加密项目隔离,降低项目 RUG 风险;抵押物采用超额抵押,用于缓冲国债利率下调风险;Ankura Trust 担任监管机构,保障投资者的资金及收益安全性;将抵押物存放在传统银行的现金托管账户,保障资金不会再利用。

USDY 的投资门槛相较于其他 RWA 产品来讲较低,且购买方式除了链上用 USDC 申购外,还可通过电汇的方式参与。

USDY 从某种程度上有一定的法律约束,且相较于其他稳定币来讲,具备一定的生息优势。但目前的 USDY 的使用率相对较低。

OMMF(美国政府货币市场基金)

OMMF 是基于美国政府货币市场基金(MMF)的 RWA 代币,该产品目前尚未正式发布。后续发布后会进行补充。

Flux Finance(借贷平台)

2023 年 2 月,Ondo Finance 推出 Flux Finance 借贷平台,其基于 Compound V2构建的借贷协议,目前根据官网披露来看,资金利用率在 85% 以上。

Flux Finance 作为项目方提供的三种赎回 RWA 产品的三种渠道之一,其为官方渠道赎回的时间成本问题提供新的流动性方式,这是由于官方渠道的赎回无法通过链上直接赎回,还需等 RWA 产品的 SPV 将产品出售后,再赎回,这其中存在 1-5 天的时间成本。

但目前 Flux Finance 支持 OUSG 的产品借贷,至于 USDY,其本身在铸造后可通过链上 DEX 完成转让。

押注 RWA 赛道成功,但未来代币的用途依旧迷茫

Ondo Finance 在转型之前,发行代币 ONDO,且在 Coinlist 上公售,但代币购买后处在 1 年的锁仓期,且后续逐月释放,代币可作为 Flux Finance 的治理投票额度所用。

但经过链上社区投票,代币 ONDO 在今年 1 月 18 日解锁流通,目前 ONDO 代币价格为 0.27 USDT,较解锁后代币上涨近 2.5 倍。

于此同时,Coinbase 将 Ondo Finance(ONDO)添加至资产上线路线图。由于 Coinbase 不仅是 Ondo Finance 的投资者,更是在 RWA 产品中成为 USDC 兑换美元的唯一通道。

但近两天,Ondo 项目方的地址多次转出 ONDO 代币至交易所,此举可能在做市或出货,投资者需要谨慎。

根据官方文章,ONDO 代币作为 Ondo DAO 和 Flux Finance 的治理代币。由于目前 ONDO 代币尚未明确是否能与 RWA 产品存在一定的关联,不排除后续将 ONDO 代币作为 USDY 等旗下 RWA 产品的激励手段。毕竟在公布的代币总量中,无论是投资人还是 Coinlist 公售中仅占有 16% ,剩余的 84% 的代币尚未明确分配。

如果 ONDO 代币能和 RWA 产品相结合,以 Flux Finance 作为平台,将 ONDO 代币作为 RWA 产品链上流动的激励,无疑将推动 RWA 产品走进大众加密投资者的视野。

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