详解算法稳定币,如何理解Luna将BTC添加到储备池

彩云666Publicado a 2022-04-08Actualizado a 2022-04-08

Resumen

在币圈中稳定币已经成为不少人接受的一个事实,而算法稳定币则是其中争议最大的一个。

在币圈中稳定币已经成为不少人接受的一个事实,而算法稳定币则是其中争议最大的一个,之前不少算法稳定币比如Ampleforth、Basis等来看,目前都存在一些缺陷,而Terra的UST却能够获得大量的关注,一直成为算法稳定币的“全村希望”。近期知名的Terra生态组织LunaFoundationGuard宣布将BTC添加到Luna的储备池中用来维护UST的价值稳定,再一次让Terra成为焦点。

什么是算法稳定币

算法稳定币是牛市初期被大家熟知的新鲜事物,我们经常见到的稳定币无非就以下几种:

1、背后有固定资产支撑的稳定币,比如USDT,官方宣传每发行一枚USDT,Tether都会有1美元作为储备金,之后Tether官方把这个说辞改成了1美元等效的储备金,也就是相关的债券等资产都可以计算在内,这样的USDC、BUSD等都是这种模式。

2、质押型的稳定币,使用比特币、以太币等进行质押,比如dai就是通过这种方式生成的,dai通过CDP等方式来维持其1美元的价值,这种稳定币是去中心化的,通过智能合约生成,能够弥补USDT等稳定币的不足

3、算法稳定币,算法稳定币其实思想来源于货币价值的波动性,就好比人民币兑美元、BTC兑ETH,货币其实本质上就是一个锚定的产物,算法稳定币就是通过算法机制来维持发行货币的稳定性,比如市场需求增加了,那么就会通过算法增发,市场需求降低了,就会通过算法销毁,从而维持价值的稳定。

算法稳定币其实并不稳定,它只是在某个短暂时刻保持其与法币的价值稳定,它需要固定时刻进行算法调整以维持其稳定性。早期的算法稳定币有一个非常严重的缺陷,就是死亡螺旋,比如市场需求降低,虽然通过机制调整数量,但是很容易会进一步降低算法稳定币的需求(大家亏损后继续抛售),从而引发一连串的抛售和价值下降的情况,因此才出现两种币,一个是价值币(Luna),一个是锚定币(UST),通过价值币为锚定币提供价值支撑,比如人们通过质押(销毁)价值币(Luna),获得锚定币(UST)。

那么人们为什么要选择销毁Luna,获得UST呢?其实这里主要原因是套利使然,简单来说就是使用类似DeFi的那种机制,你通过质押或销毁可以获得更多利润,利益的诱惑驱动用户参与质押(销毁)Luna的操作,同样,这种套利是双向的,人们即可通过销毁Luna获得UST,也可以通过销毁UST获得Luna,这是一个动态的过程,就是为了保持UST的价格稳定。

Luna和UST能够避免死亡螺旋么?其实也是不能的,但是UST却能够大规模应用,目前主要原因是其背后的开发团队Terra强大的财力支撑,加上这种方式对UST的价格波动其实相对较小,Terra设计了defi生态供用户参与获利,投资者参与其DeFi生态有比较竞争力的收益,这也使得Luna和UST能够维持到今天的重要原因。相比而言,其他算法稳定币由于其defi生态不足,因此最终效果并不理想。

为什么要增加BTC做为储备

虽然有财力去支撑Luna和UST这个设计的稳定,但是我们应该明白,Luna的价格实际上也是大起大落,而其价值主要来源于UST,UST的广泛使用也成就了Luna,这种多少有些类似于左脚踩右脚的效果,其死亡螺旋其实并未完全消失,而是由UST稳定币转移到了Luna代币上,而Luna一旦失败,那么UST也自然很容易失败,因此必然需要一个强货币支撑的资产来和Luna进行捆绑。

这种效果其实就相当于在飞速下落的物体上挂上下落速度较慢的降落伞,从而使得整体下落的速度减缓。放在币圈就是需要为Luna捆绑上强属性资产,作为缓冲,当市场整体下跌时,使得其能够坚持等到市场反弹,从而避免其最终失败的结局。BTC就是这个缓冲的降落伞。

当然使用稳定币或其他价值币做储备也是可以的,比如像美元等,这些都能显著降低系统的风险性,Terra最终的目的其实是将风险降低到这个系统能够坚持更长时间的运作,以便能够挺过熊市,迎来牛市,一旦牛市到来,不仅BTC价格会上涨,Luna也会随着上涨,从而进一步提高Luna的市值,为增发更多UST、占领市场做准备,彼时的Luna价值里其实也有一部分是BTC所赋予的,最终的效果就是Luna和整个币圈所绑定在一起,也就是团队说的如果Luna失败了,那么币圈也就相当于失败了的原因。

将BTC作为储备对Luna有什么影响

说到影响,我们需要理清楚Luna、UST的真正价值来源,除了Terra的财力支撑,其实很大一部分来源于人们对UST的广泛使用,这就好比eth价格的上涨主要是以太坊生态的快速发展一样,人们大量使用UST,会传导到Luna上,我们通过币价可以看到目前Luna的价格仍然有较大的波动,而BTC的价格波动实际上本轮牛市是比较小的,不少资金开始认为BTC的投资价值在进一步降低,他们更倾向于投资eth等有较大波动的资产,BTC以后的涨跌幅可能会进一步降低。

这个前提下,Luna会有效提高BTC的波动性,虽然我们知道Terra团队目前购买的BTC数量占总的BTC数量相对较少,目前还不足以对BTC整体价格产生影响,但是不排除他们未来成为BTC最大持仓组织,如果形成一定影响力,那么彼时自然会提高BTC的波动性,当然带来的同时也会降低Luna的波动性。

总结

综合来看,Luna和UST这种机制更像是纯算法稳定币和抵押型稳定币之间的一个产物,这就好比一个控制大小的旋钮,当我们分别走向极端的时候,自然会得到相应的稳定币类型,最后Luna是否值得投资,其实仍然还需要以加密货币投资市场高度相关,当行情好的时候自然是不错的标的,但是当行情差的时候,即使再高明的机制,都只能跟随市场的节奏进行调整,因此对于投资者来说,关注整体市场趋势还是非常重要的。

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